Simple spirometry and body plethysmography have been routinely used in children aged > 5 years. New techniques based on physiologic concepts that were first described almost 50 years ago are emerging in research and in clinical practice for measuring pulmonary function in children. These techniques have led to an increased understanding of the pediatric lung and respiratory mechanics. Impulse oscillometry (IOS), a simple, noninvasive method using the forced oscillation technique, requires minimal patient cooperation and is suitable for use in both children and adults. This method can be used to assess obstruction in the large and small peripheral airways and has been used to measure bronchodilator response and bronchoprovocation testing. New data suggest that IOS may be useful in predicting loss of asthma control in the pediatric population. This article reviews the clinical applications of IOS, with an emphasis on the pediatric setting, and discusses appropriate coding practices for the clinician.
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