Calcium (Ca(2+)) is an important multifaceted second messenger that regulates a wide range of cellular events. A Ca(2+)-signaling toolkit has been shown to exist in the nucleus and to be capable of generating and modulating nucleoplasmic Ca(2+) transients. Within the nucleus, Ca(2+) controls cellular events that are different from those modulated by cytosolic Ca(2+). This review focuses on nuclear Ca(2+) signals and their role in regulating physiological and pathological processes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00056.2013 | DOI Listing |
Reprod Biol Endocrinol
January 2025
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
The production of spermatozoa, a process known as spermatogenesis, is primarily controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)-driven testosterone. LH acts on the Leydig cells, stimulating steroid production, predominantly testosterone, and activating critical inter-related spermatogenesis regulatory pathways. Despite evidence that exogenous gonadotropins containing LH activity can effectively restore spermatogenesis in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the use of these drugs to treat other forms of male infertility is the subject of an ongoing debate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Commun Signal
January 2025
Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029, China.
Background: The potential role of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pn) in hypertension development has been emphasized, although the specific mechanisms have not been well understood. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) released by Gram-negative bacteria modulate host cell functions by delivering bacterial components to host cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gastroenterol Hepatol
January 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Background And Aim: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by fast progression and high mortality, with systemic inflammation and immune paralysis as its key events. While natural killer (NK) cells are key innate immune cells, their unique function and subpopulation heterogeneity in ACLF have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of NK cell subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with ACLF and determine their roles in the inflammatory responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Prev Alzheimers Dis
January 2025
Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Electronic address:
Background: There are no approved oral disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of blarcamesine (ANAVEX®2-73), an orally available small-molecule activator of the sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1) in early AD through restoration of cellular homeostasis including autophagy enhancement.
Design: ANAVEX2-73-AD-004 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 48-week Phase IIb/III trial.
BMJ Mil Health
January 2025
Emergency Department, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
The traditional approach to resuscitating injured women of childbearing potential (WCBP) with an unknown RhD type is to transfuse RhD-negative blood products. This is to prevent alloimmunisation to the RhD antigen and ultimately prevent haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in future pregnancies should she survive. RhD-negative blood products are scarce in both military and civilian blood stocks.
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