Corneal transplant surgery for keratoconus and the effect of surgeon experience on deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty outcomes.

Purpose: To investigate graft survival and surgical experience on clinical outcome following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).

Design: Multicenter cohort study.

Methods: The United Kingdom Transplant Database was used to identify patients who had undergone a first DALK or penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for keratoconus. Data were collected at the time of surgery and at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively. Graft survival, best-corrected visual acuity, and refractive error were analyzed for 3 consecutive time periods. DALK outcomes were analyzed according to surgeon experience.

Results: A total of 4521 patients were included. Graft survival was 92% (95% CI: 90-92) for PKP and 90% (95% CI: 88-92) for DALK (P = .09). For corneal transplants undertaken in the periods 1999-2002, 2002-2005, and 2005-2007, graft survival was 90%, 92%, and 88% following DALK, and 93%, 91%, and 92% following PKP, respectively. There was no evidence of a difference between surgeons in terms of case mix (P = .4) or outcome (P = .2). Surgeon experience, in terms of the number of previous DALK undertaken, had no significant effect on outcome. A donor recipient trephine size disparity of 0.5 mm was associated with an increased risk of graft failure for both DALK (P = .03) and PKP (P = .002), whereas ocular surface disease was a significant risk factor for DALK (P = .04) but not PKP.

Conclusions: There has been little change in graft survival for DALK and PKP over the past decade. Ocular surface disease is an important risk factor for graft failure following DALK. A surgical learning curve for DALK could not be demonstrated in terms of clinical outcome.