Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Objective: Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis experience considerable psychological stress due to physical and social changes brought on by illness, increasing the risk of depressive disorder (DD). We examined the prevalence of DD and depressive symptoms, identified treatments for depression, and determined baseline demographic, social/behavioral, physical, and psychological correlates.
Methods: A convenience sample of 310 dialysis patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was screened for DD using the Structured Clinical Interview for Depression and for depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Established measures of psychosocial and physical health characteristics were administered, along with questions about current and past treatments. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified independent correlates of DD and symptoms.
Results: The prevalence of DD was 6.8 % (major depression 3.2 %, minor depression 3.6 %), and significant depressive symptoms were present in 24.2 % (HDRS 8 or higher). No patients with DD were being treated with antidepressant medication, whereas 28.6 % (6 of 21) were receiving counseling. Being a Saudi national, married, in counseling, or having a history of antidepressant were associated with DD in bivariate analyses. Correlates of depressive symptoms HDRS in multivariate analyses were Saudi nationality, marital status, stressful life events, poor physical functioning, cognitive impairment, overall severity of medical illness, and history of family psychiatric problems.
Conclusions: The prevalence of DD and depressive symptoms is lower in Saudi dialysis patients than in the rest of the world, largely untreated, and is associated with a distinct set of demographic, psychosocial, and physical health characteristics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11255-014-0802-2 | DOI Listing |
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