Direct, oxidative metal-catalyzed C-H functionalizations of arenes are important in synthetic organic chemistry. Often, (over-)stoichoimetric amounts of organic or inorganic oxidants have to be used in these reactions. The combination of rhodium and photoredox catalysis with visible light allows the direct C-H olefination of arenes. Small amounts (1 mol%) of a photoredox catalyst resulted in the efficient C-H functionalization of a broad range of substrates under mild conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201400560 | DOI Listing |
Yakugaku Zasshi
November 2023
Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University.
The transition-metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization of unsaturated compounds, such as alkynes, alkenes, allenes, and nitriles, is a powerful tool for constructing polycyclic frameworks found in many biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. However, this approach predominantly relies on precious transition metals, such as rhodium and iridium. Thus, the development of cycloisomerization reactions using less expensive, less toxic, and environmentally friendly transition metals that are abundantly found in the earth has attracted considerable attention in recent years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Chem
August 2023
Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
The biomimetic two-phase strategy employing polyene cyclization and subsequent oxidation/substitution is an effective approach for divergent syntheses of [6-6-6]-tricyclic diterpenes. However, this strategy requires lengthy sequences for syntheses of oxygenated tricyclic aromatic abietane/podocarpane diterpenes owing to the many linear oxidation/substitution steps after cyclization. Here, we present a new synthetic route based on a convergent reverse two-phase strategy employing a reverse radical cyclization approach, which enabled the unified short syntheses of four aromatic abietane/podocarpane diterpenes and the divergent short syntheses of other related diterpenes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
October 2022
Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455-0431, USA.
An anionic Rh-Ga complex catalyzed the hydrodefluorination of challenging C-F bonds in electron-rich aryl fluorides and trifluoromethylarenes when irradiated with violet light in the presence of H , a stoichiometric alkoxide base, and a crown-ether additive. Based on theoretical calculations, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), which is delocalized across both the Rh and Ga atoms, becomes singly occupied upon excitation, thereby poising the Rh-Ga complex for photoinduced single-electron transfer (SET). Stoichiometric and control reactions support that the C-F activation is mediated by the excited anionic Rh-Ga complex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Org Inorg Au
April 2022
Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
The field of asymmetric catalysis has been developing to access synthetically efficacious chiral molecules from the last century. Although there are many sustainable ways to produce nonracemic molecules, simplified and unique methodologies are always appreciated. In the recent developments of asymmetric catalysis, chiral-at-metal Lewis acid catalysis has been recognized as an attractive strategy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
February 2020
Department of Chemistry , Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li 32023 , Taiwan.
We report the use of a rhodium(II) dimer in visible light photoredox catalysis for the aerobic oxidation of arylboronic acids to phenols under mild conditions. Spectroscopic and computational studies indicate that the catalyst Rh(bpy)(OAc) () undergoes metal-metal to ligand charge transfer upon visible light irradiation, which is responsible for catalytic activity. Further reactivity studies demonstrate that is a general photoredox catalyst for diverse oxidation reactions.
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