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Co-Infection and Cancer: Host-Pathogen Interaction between Dendritic Cells and HIV-1, HTLV-1, and Other Oncogenic Viruses.
Viruses
September 2022
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
Dendritic cells (DCs) function as a link between innate and adaptive immune responses. Retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1 modulate DCs to their advantage and utilize them to propagate infection. Coinfection of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 has implications for cancer malignancies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClonality of HIV-1- and HTLV-1-Infected Cells in Naturally Coinfected Individuals.
J Infect Dis
January 2022
Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Coinfection with HIV-1 and HTLV-1 complicates AIDS diagnosis and increases HTLV-1-related health issues, prompting research into how these infections affect each other.
- The study analyzed DNA from individuals infected with either virus alone or both, measuring viral loads and genetic characteristics using advanced PCR techniques.
- Results showed higher viral loads and increased clonal expansion in coinfected individuals, with specific changes in the locations of HIV-1 integration sites, suggesting a potential increase in disease risk associated with this coinfection.
Oncostatin M promotes excitotoxicity by inhibiting glutamate uptake in astrocytes: implications in HIV-associated neurotoxicity.
J Neuroinflammation
June 2016
Department of Surgery, Division of Basic and Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Background: Elevated levels of oncostatin M (OSM), an interleukin-6 cytokine family member, have been observed in HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and Alzheimer's disease. However, the function of OSM in these disease conditions is unclear. Since deficient glutamate uptake by astrocytes is instrumental in HAND-associated neurotoxicity, we hypothesized that OSM impairs glutamate uptake in astrocytes and thereby promotes neuronal excitotoxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMortality associated with HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I single and dual infections in a middle-aged and older population in Guinea-Bissau.
Retrovirology
November 2007
Bandim Health Project, Bissau, INDEPTH Network, Guinea-Bissau.
Background: In Guinea-Bissau HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I are prevalent in the general population. The natural history of HIV/HTLV-I single and dual infections has not been fully elucidated in this population. Previous studies have shown that combinations of these infections are more common in older women than in men.
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