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Background: Objective indices of functional capacity in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy and stage B heart failure (HF) have not been comprehensively defined. We sought to characterize the cardiopulmonary exercise characteristics of individuals with diabetic cardiomyopathy at high risk for overt HF.

Methods: The relationships from cardiopulmonary exercise testing with clinical and laboratory characteristics of participants with diabetic cardiomyopathy were evaluated using baseline data from the ARISE-HF trial (Aldose Reductase Inhibition for Stabilization of Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure).

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Decoding the SARS-CoV-2 infection process: Insights into origin, spread, and therapeutic approaches.

Microb Pathog

January 2025

Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Over 768 million confirmed COVID-19 cases and 6.9 million deaths have been recorded globally by July 17, 2023, highlighting the devastating impact of the pandemic.
  • SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has a complex structure, including a large RNA genome and an envelope that aids in its infectivity, although its exact origin remains unclear.
  • The review discusses various topics related to COVID-19, including its origins, implications for health and the economy, and a controversial link between SARS-CoV-2 and the enzyme aldose reductase, which could have implications for treatment and understanding of the virus's pathogenesis.
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Diabetes affects approximately 422 million people worldwide, leading to 1.5 million deaths annually and causing severe complications such as kidney failure, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Aldose reductase (AR), a key enzyme in the polyol pathway, is an important therapeutic target for managing these complications.

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Mechanisms and applications of bacterial luciferase and its auxiliary enzymes.

Arch Biochem Biophys

January 2025

Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. Electronic address:

Bacterial luciferase (LuxAB) catalyzes the conversion of reduced flavin mononucleotide (FMNH⁻), oxygen, and a long-chain aldehyde to oxidized FMN, the corresponding acid and water with concomitant light emission. This bioluminescence reaction requires the reaction of a flavin reductase such as LuxG (in vivo partner of LuxAB) to supply FMNH⁻ for the LuxAB reaction. LuxAB is a well-known self-sufficient luciferase system because both aldehyde and FMNH⁻ substrates can be produced by the associated enzymes encoded by the genes in the lux operon, allowing the system to be auto-luminous.

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Background: Diabetic myocardial disorder (DbMD, evidenced by abnormal echocardiography or cardiac biomarkers) is a form of stage B heart failure (SBHF) at high risk for progression to overt HF. SBHF is defined by abnormal LV morphology and function and/or abnormal cardiac biomarker concentrations.

Objective: To compare the evolution of four DbMD groups based on biomarkers alone, systolic and diastolic dysfunction alone, or their combination.

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