AI Article Synopsis
- Canada has outdated interim water-quality guidelines for fluoride, with a 2002 guideline for protecting freshwater aquatic life and a 1995 guideline in one province.
- The US lacks a national benchmark for fluoride in freshwater; only one state has established a guideline.
- The study reviewed data on fluoride toxicity, finding acute toxicity levels between 11.5 and over 800 mg/L and chronic effects starting as low as 1.8 mg/L, leading to a derived chronic effects benchmark of 1.94 mg/L using a species sensitivity distribution approach.
Article Abstract
Canada has an interim water-quality guideline for fluoride for protection of freshwater aquatic life that dates from 2002, and 1 Canadian province has a different interim water-quality guideline for fluoride that dates to 1995. The United States does not have a national benchmark for fluoride in freshwater, and only 1 US state has such a benchmark. There are no other national or regional benchmarks for fluoride chronic toxicity in freshwater. In the present study, available data on the acute and chronic toxicity of fluoride to freshwater aquatic life were compiled and reviewed. Acute toxicity was reported to occur at concentrations ranging from 11.5 to >800 mg/L fluoride (F(-) ). The majority of chronic effects occur at concentrations between 1.8 mg/L and 195 mg/L. A total of 10 chronic studies representing 16 species (5 fish, 7 invertebrates, and 4 algae/aquatic plants) were used to derive a chronic effects benchmark of 1.94 mg/L F(-) , applying the species sensitivity distribution approach.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2724 | DOI Listing |
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