Intrinsically luminescent room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) can be prepared by combining a luminescent anion (more common) or cation with appropriate counter ions, rendering new luminescent soft materials. These RTILs are still new, and many of their photochemical properties are not well known. A novel intrinsic luminescent RTIL based on the 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate ([ANS]) anion combined with the trihexyltetradecylphosphonium ([P6,6,6,14 ]) cation was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Detailed photophysical studies highlight the influence of the ionic liquid environment on the ANS fluorescence, which together with rheological and (1) H NMR experiments illustrate the effects of both the viscosity and electrostatic interactions between the ions. This material is liquid at room temperature and possesses a glass transition temperature (Tg ) of 230.4 K. The fluorescence is not highly sensitive to factors such as temperature, but owing to its high viscosity, dynamic Stokes shift measurements reveal very slow components for the IL relaxation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201402534 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Computer Science, IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Engaging in the deliberate generation of abnormal outputs from Large Language Models (LLMs) by attacking them is a novel human activity. This paper presents a thorough exposition of how and why people perform such attacks, defining LLM red-teaming based on extensive and diverse evidence. Using a formal qualitative methodology, we interviewed dozens of practitioners from a broad range of backgrounds, all contributors to this novel work of attempting to cause LLMs to fail.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
Herein, we report the successful guidance of indole and formaldehyde reactivity by precisely tuning the pore size and active sites of MOF, altering their intrinsic reaction pathways. This led to the first example of novel compounds synthesized through the synergistic catalysis enabled by MOF confinement. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that the confined environment within the MOF pores promoted the occurrence of multi-stage cascade reactions and stabilized specific reaction pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Pharmacother
January 2025
Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China. Electronic address:
The interaction between renal intrinsic cells and macrophages plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of kidney diseases. In recent years, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation have become essential windows for understanding these processes. This review focuses on how renal intrinsic cells (including tubular epithelial cells, podocytes, and endothelial cells), renal cancer cells, and mesenchymal stem cells influence the function and polarization status of macrophages through their own epigenetic alterations, and how the epigenetic regulation of macrophages themselves responds to kidney damage, thus participating in renal inflammation, fibrosis, and repair.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
School of Foreign Languages for International Business, Hebei Finance University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
This study presents a revolutionary understanding of how value-based leadership enhances the intrinsic work motivation of Chinese university faculty. A novel serial mediation model is introduced, highlighting the interplay between growth mindset and teaching self-efficacy in transmitting the impact of leadership to increased intrinsic motivation. Utilizing a comprehensive sample of 394 faculty members from across China, advanced SmartPLS 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Food
January 2025
Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
Black cumin ( L.) (family Ranunculaceae) is a largely utilized therapeutic herb worldwide. This comprehensive review discusses the pharmacological benefits of black cumin seed oil, focusing on its bioactive component thymoquinone (TQ).
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