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RAS proteins are key signalling hubs that are oncogenically mutated in 30% of all cancer cases. Three genes encode almost identical isoforms that are ubiquitously expressed, but are not functionally redundant. The network responses associated with each isoform and individual oncogenic mutations remain to be fully characterized. In the present article, we review recent data defining the differences between the RAS isoforms and their most commonly mutated codons and discuss the underlying mechanisms.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4961500 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST20140057 | DOI Listing |
Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg
January 2025
Advanced Medical Devices Laboratory, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0382, Japan.
Purpose: This paper presents a deep learning approach to recognize and predict surgical activity in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RAMIS). Our primary objective is to deploy the developed model for implementing a real-time surgical risk monitoring system within the realm of RAMIS.
Methods: We propose a modified Transformer model with the architecture comprising no positional encoding, 5 fully connected layers, 1 encoder, and 3 decoders.
Background: Nucleotide sequence can be translated in three reading frames from 5' to 3' producing distinct protein products. Many examples of RNA translation in two reading frames (dual coding) have been identified so far.
Results: We report simultaneous translation of mRNA transcripts derived from locus in all three reading frames that result in the synthesis of long proteins.
Lung Cancer
January 2025
Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Introduction: KRAS mutation the most common molecular alteration in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is associated with an unfavourable prognosis, largely due to the lack of targeted therapeutic options for the majority of the KRAS mutated isoforms. The landscape of NSCLC treatment has expanded with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nonetheless, data regarding the efficacy of ICI in NSCLC patients harbouring KRAS mutations are conflicting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Biochem Biophys
February 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India. Electronic address:
KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue), the most common mutated protein in human cancers, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Before Sotorasib (AMG-510) was approved for non-small cell lung cancer treatment in 2020, the oncogenic KRAS mutations were believed to be non-druggable. High-resolution X-ray crystal structures of GDP-bound KRAS mutants with and without inhibitor are resolved and deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Otolaryngol
February 2025
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Electronic address:
Background/objectives: RAS mutations are common in thyroid cancer, but their impact on clinical outcomes remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of RAS mutations in thyroid cancer and their association with various clinical and pathological features.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting on RAS mutations in thyroid cancer.
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