Background: The impact of longitudinal psychiatric comorbidity, parenting and social characteristics on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication use is still poorly understood.
Aims: To assess the baseline and longitudinal influences of behavioural and environmental factors on ADHD medication use.
Method: Survival regressions with time-dependent covariates were used to model data from a population-based longitudinal birth cohort. The sample (n = 1920) was assessed from age 5 months to 10 years. Measures of children's psychiatric symptoms, parenting practices and social characteristics available at baseline and during follow-up were used to identify individual and family-level features associated with subsequent use of ADHD medication.
Results: Use of ADHD medication ranged from 0.2 to 8.6% between ages 3.5 to 10 years. Hyperactivity-inattention was the strongest predictor of medication use (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.75, 95% CI 2.35-3.22). Among all social variables examined, low maternal education increased the likelihood of medication use (HR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.38-3.18) whereas immigrant status lowered this likelihood (HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.17-0.92).
Conclusions: Beyond ADHD symptoms, the likelihood of receiving ADHD medication is predicted by social variables and not by psychiatric comorbidity or by parenting. This emphasises the need to improve global interventions by offering the same therapeutic opportunities (including medication) as those received by the rest of the population to some subgroups (i.e. immigrants) and by diminishing possible unnecessary prescriptions.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.141952 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Maternal Cannabis Use During Pregnancy and Neuropsychiatric Adverse Outcomes During Childhood and Early Adult Life.
J Clin Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India, Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing; the study of adverse outcomes in cannabis-exposed pregnancies is therefore important. Previous articles in this series described increased risks of maternal adverse outcomes, fetal adverse outcomes, birth defects in newborns, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood. This article examines neuropsychiatric adverse outcomes in offspring gestationally exposed to cannabis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCausal Relationship between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization.
Br J Hosp Med (Lond)
December 2024
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Despite the exponential increase in the incidence rate of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for the disorder are still limited. According to vast clinical observations, the pathogeneses of ASD and Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share a great deal of similarities. This serves as a prompt to investigate, in this study, whether patients with ADHD are at a higher risk for ASD, which is significant for disease prevention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Primary pharmacologic interventions include stimulants and non-stimulants. Diagnosing ADHD is typically more difficult in women due to a range of different symptoms between the sexes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncrease in Occurrence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Differs by Age Group and Gender-Finnish Nationwide Register Study.
Brain Behav
January 2025
Terveystalo, Helsinki, Finland.
Introduction: This study describes epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and use of ADHD medication across all age groups in Finland.
Methods: This retrospective study is based on nationwide registers in Finland. The study population included individuals with ADHD diagnosis and/or an ADHD medication record at least once during 2015-2020.
Factors Associated with Persisting Post-Concussion Symptoms Among Collegiate Athletes and Military Cadets: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium.
Sports Med
January 2025
IU School of Optometry and Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Background: Persisting post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) is a condition characterized by prolonged recovery from a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and compromised quality of life. Previous literature, on the basis of small sample sizes, concludes that there are several risk factors for the development of PPCS.
Objective: We seek to identify protective and risk factors for developing slow recovery or persisting post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) by analyzing medical history, contact sport level, setting, and the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) assessments at baseline and post-injury.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!