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Plasmodial slime moulds (myxomycetes) in Swedish and Nordic folk biology.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed
November 2024
Institute for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Uppsala University, Box 514, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
Background: Folk biology commonly contains knowledge of many more taxa than those of immediate economic importance. Species with little or no practical use are, however, often overlooked by ethnobiological research. An example are a few Myxomycetes taxa which played an important role in the folk biology and beliefs of pre-industrial Sweden and adjacent Nordic countries, Denmark, Norway and Finland.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAttachment-like behavioral expressions to humans in puppies are related to oxytocin and cortisol: A comparative study of Akitas and Labrador Retrievers.
Peptides
July 2024
Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Japan. Electronic address:
This study investigated the relationship between urinary hormone concentrations and attachment-related behaviors in two dog breeds, the Akitas and Labrador Retrievers, to elucidate the hormonal and behavioral mechanisms underlying domestication and interspecies attachment to humans. By measuring cortisol and oxytocin concentrations, and conducting the Strange Situation Test (SST), we aimed to investigate breed differences in endocrine secretions associated with domestication and how these differences influence dog behavior toward humans. Our results showed significant breed differences in urinary cortisol concentrations, with Akitas exhibiting higher levels than Labrador Retrievers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStrangeness-driven exploration in multi-agent reinforcement learning.
Neural Netw
April 2024
Future Convergence Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, 31253, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
In this study, a novel exploration method for centralized training and decentralized execution (CTDE)-based multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is introduced. The method uses the concept of strangeness, which is determined by evaluating (1) the level of the unfamiliarity of the observations an agent encounters and (2) the level of the unfamiliarity of the entire state the agents visit. An exploration bonus, which is derived from the concept of strangeness, is combined with the extrinsic reward obtained from the environment to form a mixed reward, which is then used for training CTDE-based MARL algorithms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConstant exposure to environmental stress has negative behavioral outcomes. Considering the inverse relationship between stress and Vitamin C intake, this study was aimed at investigating variable stress techniques and Vitamin C supplementation on exploratory/locomotor behaviors in male Wistar rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (100g-120g) were allotted into four groups (n=7).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurity or perversion? from taboo to fact: kindergarten teachers' reflections on age-normal sexuality.
Front Psychol
July 2023
Department of Social Work, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Many educators and pedagogues around the world face challenging situations in their everyday work. Being caught off guard when children begin to explore their bodies and show curiosity about body parts and sexual issues is one of the most uncomfortable realities in the work of educating our children and can generate a series of worrying questions, such as, "Is this child* normal? Should I stop him/ her from masturbating? What should I tell him/her?. Although talking to children about body changes and sexual matters may seem strange or embarrassing, providing correct and age-appropriate information is one of the most important things kindergarten employees can do to ensure that children grow up protected, healthy and safe in their bodies.
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