Specimens of six species (from two genera) of inarticulated craniid brachiopod were dissected and the gut examined and compared. The gut of the five Novocrania Lee & Brunton 2001 species were very similar, except for some variations in the configuration of the pylorus-intestine. The gut of Neoancistrocrania Laurin 1992 had two distinctly different features from Novocrania; the pharynx-esophagus-stomach forms a dorsally directed half loop and the pylorus-intestine is straight. Neoancistrocrania has four unique soft-tissue features and should remain a separate genus from Novocrania.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zs130107 | DOI Listing |
Nutrients
December 2024
Cryptobiotix, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
Background: The human gut microbiota develops in concordance with its host over a lifetime, resulting in age-related shifts in community structure and metabolic function. Little is known about whether these changes impact the community's response to microbiome-targeted therapeutics. Providing critical information on this subject, faecal microbiomes of subjects from six age groups, spanning from infancy to 70-year-old adults (n = six per age group) were harvested.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
December 2024
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Türkiye.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third most abundant solid component in human milk, vary significantly among women due to factors such as secretor status, race, geography, season, maternal nutrition and weight, gestational age, and delivery method. In recent studies, HMOs have been shown to have a variety of functional roles in the development of infants. Because HMOs are not digested by infants, they act as metabolic substrates for certain bacteria, helping to establish the infant's gut microbiota.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
December 2024
Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain.
Background: Recent research highlights the potential role of sex-specific variations in cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiome has been shown to differ between the sexes in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
Objectives: The main objective of this study is to analyze the differences between women and men in the relationship between gut microbiota and measures of arterial stiffness.
Foods
January 2025
Laboratory of Chemistry of Foods and Bioactives, Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320001, Israel.
Consumer sex influences phenotypic differences in digestive functions that may underlie variations in food disintegration. This study used an in vitro digestion model to test the hypothesis that emulsions follow distinct digestive pathways in men and women. Model emulsions were prepared using medium-chain triglycerides stabilized by beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, or lactoferrin, and by three non-protein emulsifiers: Tween 80, lecithin, and sucrose esters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Parasitol
January 2025
Institute of Parasitology, Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1 A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
Cystoisospora suis, a porcine enteral parasite of the order Coccidia, is characterized by a complex life cycle, with asexual and sexual development in the epithelium of the host gut and an environmental phase as an oocyst. All developmental stages vary greatly in their morphology and function, and therefore excrete different bioactive molecules for intercellular communication. Due to their complex development, we hypothesized that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) cargo is highly dependent on the life cycle stages from which they are released.
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