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miR-193b-365 microcluster downstream of coordinates neuron-subtype identity and dendritic morphology in cortical projection neurons.
iScience
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Different neuron types develop characteristic axonal and dendritic arborizations that determine their inputs, outputs, and functions. Expression of fate-determinant transcription factors is essential for specification of their distinct identities. However, the mechanisms downstream of fate-determinant factors coordinating different aspects of neuron identity are not understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisrupted callosal connectivity underlies long-lasting sensory-motor deficits in an NMDAreceptor antibody encephalitis mouse model.
J Clin Invest
December 2024
Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America.
NMDA receptor mediated autoimmune encephalitis (NMDAR-AE) frequently results in persistent sensory-motor deficits, especially in children, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the long- term effects of exposure to a patient-derived GluN1-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) during a critical developmental period (from postnatal day 3 to day 12) in mice. We observed long-lasting sensory-motor deficits characteristic of NMDAR-AE, along with permanent changes in callosal axons within the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in adulthood, including increased terminal branch complexity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGender and Age Differences in Corpus Callosum Morphology: High-Altitude Adaptations in Native Tibetan Populations.
J Craniofac Surg
December 2024
Department of Anatomy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Background And Aims: The corpus callosum is recognized as the largest interhemispheric white matter structure, coordinating distinct functions of the brain. High-altitude environments may influence the structure of the corpus callosum. This study aims to evaluate the morphologic characteristics of the corpus callosum in Tibetans residing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau while investigating the effects of sex, age, and high-altitude exposure on its morphology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAltered callosal morphology in post-stroke cognitive impairment.
Brain Res
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan City 430071, Hubei Province, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Stroke is a leading cause of death and cognitive impairment, with many survivors experiencing Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment (PSCI) due to changes in the corpus callosum (CC), which is vital for brain communication.
- A study involving 104 PSCI patients and 54 healthy controls found significant reductions in CC size and shape that correlate with cognitive function, especially affected by the location of the stroke lesions.
- The research suggests that specific areas of atrophy in the CC may serve as potential diagnostic markers for PSCI, linking brain structure changes to overall cognitive impairment in stroke patients.
The link between structural brain asymmetry and the dimensions of the corpus callosum: A systematic review.
Brain Res
December 2024
School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS), Uppsala, Sweden; Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA. Electronic address:
Cerebral asymmetry is a defining feature of the human brain, but some controversy exists with respect to the relationship between structural brain asymmetry and the dimensions of the corpus callosum, the brain's major inter-hemispheric commissure. On the one hand, more asymmetric brains might house a proportionally smaller corpus callosum (negative link), potentially due to intra-hemispheric connections dominating over inter-hemispheric connections. On the other hand, asymmetric brains may contain a proportionately larger corpus callosum (positive link), to facilitate a possibly enhanced demand of interhemispheric communication, either through excitatory or inhibitory channels.
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