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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Function: formatAIDetailSummary
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Determining the appropriate punishment for a norm violation requires consideration of both the perpetrator's state of mind (for example, purposeful or blameless) and the strong emotions elicited by the harm caused by their actions. It has been hypothesized that such affective responses serve as a heuristic that determines appropriate punishment. However, an actor's mental state often trumps the effect of emotions, as unintended harms may go unpunished, regardless of their magnitude. Using fMRI, we found that emotionally graphic descriptions of harmful acts amplify punishment severity, boost amygdala activity and strengthen amygdala connectivity with lateral prefrontal regions involved in punishment decision-making. However, this was only observed when the actor's harm was intentional; when harm was unintended, a temporoparietal-medial-prefrontal circuit suppressed amygdala activity and the effect of graphic descriptions on punishment was abolished. These results reveal the brain mechanisms by which evaluation of a transgressor's mental state gates our emotional urges to punish.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.3781 | DOI Listing |
Lancet
November 2024
School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Following the first 1000 days of life that span from conception to two years of age, the next 1000 days of a child's life from 2-5 years of age offer a window of opportunity to promote nurturing and caring environments, establish healthy behaviours, and build on early gains to sustain or improve trajectories of healthy development. This Series paper, the first of a two-paper Series on early childhood development and the next 1000 days, focuses on the transition to the next 1000 days of the life course, describes why this developmental period matters, identifies the environments of care, risks, and protective factors that shape children's development, estimates the number of children who receive adequate nurturing care, and examines whether current interventions are meeting children's needs. Paper 2 focuses on the cost of inaction and the implications of not investing in the next 1000 days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
October 2024
School of Management, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Guangdong, China.
Regional collaborative governance has become a key strategy for environmental protection, especially in reducing transboundary pollution transfer. This study, set against the backdrop of environmental governance in China's Fen-Wei Plain, employs evolutionary game theory to deeply analyze the strategic choices of local governments in managing haze pollution. We developed a model incorporating 14 key variables to systematically explore the emission reduction strategies of local governments under various policy environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
October 2024
Department of Community Medicine, Food Health Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disease and the main cause of mortality in developing countries. Since physical activity and nutritional behaviors are modifiable risk factors in people at risk of CAD, the present study aims to explore the effect of an intervention based on the social cognitive theory (SCT) on physical activity and nutritional behaviors in middle-aged population at risk of CAD in the city of Bandar Abbas. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 519 middle-aged subjects who visited the healthcare centers in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran, in 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCold Spring Harb Protoc
October 2024
Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
Memory has been extensively studied in since the early 1970s. Straightforward aversive and appetitive conditioning paradigms train populations of flies to associate the pairing of one of two odors with either punishment or reward. After training, the flies show either preferential avoidance or approach behavior, to the appropriate odor, when given a choice between the two odors in a simple T-maze apparatus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChaos
October 2024
School of Management Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin 300222, China.
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