The right to self-determination, including the decision on treatment, is affirmed in modern societies. Therefore, the fundamental condition of legal procedures is informed consent of a patient or an authorised person. However, to make the consent legally effective, some conditions have to be met; of these, the provision of comprehensive medical information is of the utmost importance. Thus, a patient is entitled to necessary information provided by a physician. The correlate of this right is the obligation to disclose information which must be fulfilled by a medical practitioner. The aim of this review is to examine this obligation in terms of determining the range of subjects authorised to provide information, the scope of subject information or a set of data, and the manner and time in which it should be given. Moreover, this article discusses regulations which permit limitations of information disclosure, i.e. the patient's entitlement to renounce the right to information, and therapeutic privilege. The disquisition regards achievements of legal doctrine and judicature, from the angle of which all the legal solutions and doubts arising are presented.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/AIT.2014.0033 | DOI Listing |
Public Health Nutr
January 2025
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Objective: This systematic review investigates the characteristics, effectiveness, and acceptability of interventions to encourage healthier eating in small, independent restaurants and takeaways.
Design: We searched five databases (CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Science Citation Index & Social Science Citation Index) in June 2022. Eligible studies had to measure changes in sales, availability, nutritional quality, portion sizes, or dietary intake of interventions targeting customer behaviour or restaurant environments.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Center for Life Ethics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Background: Driven by (bio-)medical and technical developments, advanced non-invasive methods for estimating the risk of Alzheimer's dementia (ADD) are increasingly emerging. In the future, such methods could eventually become available for individuals in asymptomatic and preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Background: Integrating blood biomarker testing for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) into clinical practice has the potential to transform AD care by enabling broadly accessible and accurate diagnosis, more precise prognostication, and timely initiation of disease-modifying therapy. While there are several scientific challenges to implementing blood biomarkers (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Community Med Public Health
September 2024
Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
Background: Health behavior change theories provide a conceptual basis to promote physical activity, one of which is the Self-Determination Theory (SDT). This cross-sectional study compared SDT constructs, specifically exercise goal setting, exercise planning, and outcome expectations, with objectively assessed Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) among a demographically diverse cohort of adults.
Methods: Participants were 18 to 74 years with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes not prescribed insulin and were physically inactive by self-report.
Food Res Int
January 2025
Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina. Electronic address:
Layer-by-Layer (LbL) self-assembly encapsulation is a promising technology for the protection and delivery of lactic acid bacteria. However, laboratory-scale encapsulation is often time-consuming, involves intensive protocols tailored for small-scale operations, requires substantial amounts of energy and water, and results in a low yield of encapsulated biomass. Scaling-up this process to a bench-bioreactor scale is not simply a matter of increasing culture volume as different key parameters (not particularly relevant at lab scale) become critical, including biomass production, the number of polymer layers, and the biomass-to-polymer mass ratio.
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