AI Article Synopsis
- The 5-year survival rate for oral cancer patients has stagnated at around 50% for 30 years, mainly due to ineffective tumor-targeting of existing drugs, prompting a search for more effective plant extracts.
- Two human oral cancer cell lines and normal oral cells were tested for cell viability after exposure to various plant extracts using the MTT method, determining cytotoxicity and tumor specificity.
- Camptotheca acuminate leaf showed the highest tumor specificity, indicating significant potential for anti-cancer treatment, with other promising extracts also identified but with lower specificity scores.
Article Abstract
Background: The 5-year survival rate of the oral cancer patients has remained at approximately the 50% level during the past 30 years, possibly due to the poor tumor-selectivity of conventional anticancer drugs. This prompted us to search new plant extracts that have higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells than normal cells.
Materials And Methods: Two human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (HSC-2 and HSC-4) and two normal oral cells (gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts; HGF and HPLF) were incubated for 48 h with various concentrations of crude plant extract and the viable cell number was determined by the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was determined from the dose-response curve. Tumor-specificity (TS) was determined by the following equation: TS=mean CC50 (normal cells)/mean CC50 (cancer cell lines). Metabolic profiling techniques based on (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were applied to gain the chemical structural insight for cytotoxicity induction.
Results: Among 24 plant extracts, Camptotheca acuminate leaf, a well-known source for camptothecin, showed the highest TS value (88.3), followed by Vitis s.p.p. (>3.5), Sasa veitchii (>2.3) and Phellodendron amurense (>2.1), whereas other plant extracts showed much lower TS value (<2). These cytotoxic extracts made cluster on principal component analysis (PCA) score plot.
Conclusion: The TS value determined by the present method seems to reflect the anti-tumor potential of each plant extract, while a part of the cytotoxic compounds present in these extracts may have common chemical structures.
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