Behavioral work has demonstrated that rats solve many spatial problems using a conditional strategy based on orientation at the start point. The present study assessed whether mice use a similar strategy and whether the strategy would be affected by the poorer directional sensitivity of mice. In Experiment 1, mice were trained on a response, a direction or one of two place problems to locate a hidden platform in a water T-maze located in two positions. In the response task, mice made a right (or left) turn from two different start points located 180° apart. In the direction task, the maze was shifted (to the left or right) and the start points rotated by 180° across trials, but the platform was in a constant direction relative to room cues. In the translation place task, the mice were trained to locate the platform in a fixed location relative to extra-maze cues when the maze was shifted across trials, but the orientation of the start arm did not change. In the rotation place task, the mice were trained to locate the platform in a fixed location when the maze was shifted and the start points rotated by 90° across trials. As previously reported with rats, mice had difficulty solving the translation place problem compared with the other three problems. Unlike rats, mice learned the direction problem in significantly fewer trials than the rotation problem. This difference between acquisition of the direction and rotation problems was replicated in Experiment 2. The difficulty mice have in discriminating start point orientations that are 90° apart as opposed to 180° apart can be attributed to the broader firing ranges of HD cells in mice compared with rats.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
Most sports and leisure activities involve repetitive movements in the upper limb, which are typically linked to pain and discomfort in the neck and shoulder area. Movement variability is generally expressed by changes in movement parameters from one movement to another and is a time-dependent feature of repetitive activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of repeated movement-induced fatigue on biomechanical coordination and variability in athletes with and without chronic shoulder pain (CSP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Qual Saf
January 2025
National Center for Human Factors in Healthcare, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential to revolutionise healthcare delivery but require classification and monitoring of patient safety risks. To address this need, we developed and evaluated a preliminary classification system for categorising generative AI patient safety errors. Our classification system is organised around two AI system stages (input and output) with specific error types by stage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
January 2025
Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport (TIWTE), Tianjin, 300456, China.
Scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of ecological restoration could provide support for sustainable management and protection of wetlands. However, due to the multiple and difficult to quantify factors affecting wetlands, commonly used spatiotemporal evaluation methods were difficult to scientifically reflect the actual effectiveness of ecological restoration. This paper took Tianjin Qilihai Wetland, a representative wetland in northern China, as the research object.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Res Protoc
December 2024
Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
Background: Pain inhibits rehabilitation. In rehabilitation at medical institutions, the usefulness of virtual reality (VR) has been reported in many cases to alleviate pain. In recent years, the demand for home rehabilitation has increased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
Darmstadt University of Technology: Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, GERMANY.
Macrocycles are increasingly considered as promising modalities to target challenging intracellular proteins. However, strategies for transitioning from active linear starting points to improved macrocycles are still underdeveloped. Here we explored the derivatization of linkers as an approach for macrocycle optimization.
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