Exposure to adversities during sensitive periods of neurodevelopment is associated with the subsequent development of substance dependence and exerts harmful, long-lasting effects upon memory functioning. In this study, we investigated the relationship between childhood neglect (CN) and memory using a dual-process model that quantifies recollective and non-recollective retrieval processes in crack cocaine dependents. Eighty-four female crack cocaine-dependent inpatients who did (N = 32) or did not (N = 52) report a history of CN received multiple opportunities to study and recall a short list composed of familiar and concrete words and then received a delayed-recall test. Crack cocaine dependents with a history of CN showed worse performance on free-recall tests than did dependents without a history of CN; this finding was associated with declines in recollective retrieval (direct access) rather than non-recollective retrieval. In addition, we found no evidence of group differences in forgetting rates between immediate- and delayed-recall tests. The results support developmental models of traumatology and suggest that neglect of crack cocaine dependents in early life disrupts the adult memory processes that support the retrieval of detailed representations of events from the past.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2014.938084 | DOI Listing |
Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis is to compare the degree to which adolescents and adults with and without impairments in the US engage in illicit drug use.
Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2022 National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Impairment status (mobility, cognitive, hearing, vision, self-care, and communication impairments), illicit drug use (cocaine, crack, heroin, hallucinogens, LSD, ecstasy and molly, inhalants, and methamphetamine), and demographic variables were measured using self-report.
J Addict Med
January 2025
From the Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (KL, SS, TNC); Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (SH, NM, TP); and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC (BR).
Objectives: Stigma is known to be a major barrier to treatment for people who use drugs (PWUD). This study uses the Stigma and Health Discrimination Framework to analyze how different forms of stigma shape experiences in the wake of an overdose incident, and perceptions of the efficacy and utility of postoverdose interventions among a sample of PWUD in Dayton, Ohio-a location with a high overdose rate.
Methods: Interviews were conducted with 23 individuals who self-reported past-month illicit opioid, crack/cocaine, or methamphetamine use who had experienced or witnessed a drug overdose in the past 6 months.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
December 2024
Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostics and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. Electronic address:
The non-invasive detection of crack/cocaine and other bioactive compounds from its pyrolysis in saliva can provide an alternative for drug analysis in forensic toxicology. Therefore, a highly sensitive, fast, reagent-free, and sustainable approach with a non-invasive specimen is relevant in public health. In this animal model study, we evaluated the effects of exposure to smoke crack cocaine on salivary flow, salivary gland weight, and salivary composition using Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Soc Psychiatry
December 2024
Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Background: Substance Use Disorders are often associated with significant levels of domestic and external violence registered among abusers. This investigation aimed to evaluate the Domestic Violence Involvement (DVI) and related gender differences among Crack Cocaine Users in Brazil.
Methods: For this purpose, a secondary data analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study involving 780 Crack Cocaine Users from 6 Brazilian capitals was performed.
Front Psychol
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Sexual problems relevant to psychotherapy, such as compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) and sexual functioning problems (SFP), have been related to harmful substance use in several studies. Substance use is prevalent among medical students (MS) and is often considered a maladaptive coping strategy for stress, as well as a risk factor for mental health issues. Sexual problems and substance use share trauma exposure and post-traumatic symptoms as risk factors for their development.
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