Predictors of 7- and 30-day mortality in pediatric intensive care unit patients with cancer and hematologic malignancy infected with Gram-negative bacteria.

Background: Infection with Gram-negative bacteria is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of 7- and 30-day mortality in pediatric patients in an intensive care unit with cancer and/or hematologic diseases and Gram-negative bacteria infection.

Methods: Data were collected relating to all episodes of Gram-negative bacteria infection that occurred in a pediatric intensive care unit between January 2009 and December 2012, and these cases were divided into two groups: those who were deceased seven and 30 days after the date of a positive culture and those who survived the same time frames. Variables of interest included age, gender, presence of solid tumor or hematologic disease, cancer status, central venous catheter use, previous Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, infection by multidrug resistant-Gram-negative bacteria, colonization by multidrug resistant-Gram-negative bacteria, neutropenia in the preceding seven days, neutropenia duration ≥3 days, healthcare-associated infection, length of stay before intensive care unit admission, length of intensive care unit stay >3 days, appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment, definitive inadequate antimicrobial treatment, time to initiate adequate antibiotic therapy, appropriate antibiotic duration ≤3 days, and shock. In addition, use of antimicrobial agents, corticosteroids, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy in the previous 30 days was noted.

Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis resulted in significant relationship between shock and both 7-day mortality (odds ratio 12.397; 95% confidence interval 1.291-119.016; p=0.029) and 30-day mortality (odds ratio 6.174; 95% confidence interval 1.760-21.664; p=0.004), between antibiotic duration ≤3 days and 7-day mortality (odds ratio 21.328; 95% confidence interval 2.834-160.536; p=0.003), and between colonization by multidrug resistant-Gram-negative bacteria and 30-day mortality (odds ratio 12.002; 95% confidence interval 1.578-91.286; p=0.016).

Conclusions: Shock was a predictor of 7- and 30-day mortality, and colonization by multidrug resistant-Gram-negative bacteria was an important risk factor for 30-day mortality.