The gap among fracture fragments is an important factor which influences the healing of bone fracture, and it may be changeable during the early phase of bone healing. In this letter, we pointed out our view that the gap between the butterfly fragment, and the shaft in femoral shaft fractures can easily be changed, so it is hard to study the potential correlation between the size of the gap and fracture healing.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2014.06.020 | DOI Listing |
Insects
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
Habitat fragmentation and land use changes threaten neotropical habitats and alter patterns of diversity at forest edges. Like other arthropod assemblages, neotropical fruit-feeding butterfly communities show strong vertical stratification within forests, with some recent work showing its potential role in speciation. At forest edges, species considered to be forest canopy specialists have been observed descending to the forest understory, with the similarity in light conditions between the canopy and understory strata at edges hypothesized to be responsible for this phenomenon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrban wastelands are among the most neglected urban habitats. Our study demonstrated that those spatially restricted patches of vegetation are an important refuge for various species of butterflies. We have assessed the diversity, distribution patterns, and seasonal changes of butterfly communities based on two-year (2019-2020), quantitative studies at 5 urban wastelands in a large post-industrial city in Central Poland.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Orthop Surg Traumatol
November 2024
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Purpose: Femoral shaft fractures with third fragments are difficult to reduce anatomically, affecting bone healing chances. The goal of this study is to determine the impact of the third fragment's radiological characteristics assessed on post-operative radiographs, as well as other factors, on the healing of type 32B femur shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 93 patients treated for femoral shaft fractures type 32 B.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord
November 2024
Department of Orthopaedics, Fuyang People's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236000, China.
Inorg Chem
November 2024
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States.
Thiocarboxamide chelates are known to assemble [2Mn2S] diamond core complexes via μ-S bridges that connect two Mn(CO) fragments. These can exist as and -isomers and interconvert via 16-electron, monomeric intermediates. Herein, we demonstrate that reduction of such Mn derivatives leads to a loss of one thiocarboxamide ligand and a switch of ligand binding mode from an O- to N-donor of the amide group, yielding a dianionic butterfly rhomb with a short Mn-Mn distance, 2.
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