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Encephalitis lethargica: clinical features and aetiology.
Brain Commun
October 2024
Department of Neuroinflammation, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
Encephalitis lethargica, an epidemic neurological illness, typically involved a severe sleep disorder and progressive parkinsonism. A century later, our understanding relies on seminal descriptions, more recent historical research and the study of small numbers of possible sporadic cases. Theories around infection, environmental toxins, catatonia and autoimmune encephalitis have been proposed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProlactin: A Mammalian Stress Hormone and Its Role in Cutaneous Pathophysiology.
Int J Mol Sci
June 2024
Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
The hormone prolactin (PRL) is best recognised for its indispensable role in mammalian biology, specifically the regulation of lactation. Bearing in mind that the mammary gland is a modified sweat gland, it is perhaps unsurprising to discover that PRL also plays a significant role in cutaneous biology and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of skin diseases, often those reportedly triggered and/or exacerbated by psychological stress. Given that PRL has been implicated in over 300 biological processes, spanning reproduction and hair growth and thermo- to immunoregulation, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between PRL and the skin remains frustratingly elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Medical practice in classical Greece : The neurological and psychiatric case reports of the Hippocratic Corpus].
Nervenarzt
October 2024
Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Deutschland.
Objective: Which theoretical and practical competences do the neurological and psychiatric case histories of the Hippocratic Corpus convey?
Material And Methods: The 431 Hippocratic case histories have been studied for reports and communication on the diagnostics, treatment and prognosis of single persons and groups of patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Results: In the 7 books of the Hippocratic Epidemics, a total of 128 patients with neurological and psychiatric symptoms are described. Epidemic fever and its variants were the leading predisposing conditions and the main symptoms were delirium, coma, insomnia, headache, speech disorders and convulsions.
Long COVID: From olfactory dysfunctions to viral Parkinsonism.
World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg
June 2024
Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behaviour (LNCB) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune Maharashtra India.
Neurological and psychiatric complications continue to be a public health concern in long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This varies from olfactory dysfunctions such as parosmia to cognitive and emotional challenges. Historically, the surge of neurological disorders followed the viral pandemics, for example, the emergence of Encephalitis Lethargica after the outbreak of Spanish Influenza.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF"Spanish flu," encephalitis lethargica, and COVID-19: Progress made, lessons learned, and directions for future research.
Eur J Neurol
November 2024
Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
One hundred years ago, an influenza pandemic swept across the globe that coincided with the development of a neurological condition, named "encephalitis lethargica" for the occurrence of its main symptom, the sudden onset of sleepiness that either developed into coma or gradually receded. Between 1917 and 1920, mortality of the flu was >20 million and of encephalitis lethargica approximately 1 million. For lessons to be learned from this pandemic, it makes sense to compare it with the COVID-19 pandemic, which occurred 100 years later.
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