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Rapid determination of nine parabens and seven other environmental phenols in urine samples of German children and adults. | LitMetric

Rapid determination of nine parabens and seven other environmental phenols in urine samples of German children and adults.

Int J Hyg Environ Health

Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address:

Published: November 2014

AI Article Synopsis

  • A new LC/LC-MS/MS method was developed to quickly and accurately measure nine parabens and seven environmental phenols in urine samples, which are linked to potential health risks as endocrine disruptors.
  • In a study of 157 urine samples from the general German population, high detection rates were found for several parabens, particularly methyl paraben, along with common environmental phenols like Bisphenol A and triclosan.
  • Results showed higher urinary levels of these compounds in females compared to males and children, likely due to differences in the use of personal care products, and highlighted the need for further research on human metabolism related to these substances.

Article Abstract

We developed a fast, selective and sensitive on-line LC/LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of nine parabens and seven environmental phenols in urine. Parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives. Bisphenol A, triclosan, triclocarban, 2-phenylphenol, and benzophenones are used inter alia in disinfectants, sunscreens and in polymers. Some of these substances are suspected endocrine disruptors. Limits of quantification and analytical quality criteria fully met the needs for determining exposure levels occurring in the general population. We analyzed 157 spot urine samples from the general German population (59 females, 39 males and 59 children). For the parabens, we found methyl, ethyl and n-propyl paraben with high detection rates (77-98%), followed by n-butyl (36%), iso-butyl (17%), iso-propyl (3%) and benzyl paraben (3%). We detected no pentyl and heptyl paraben. Urinary concentrations were highest for methyl paraben (median 24.5 μg/L; 95th percentile 379 μg/L) followed by ethyl (1.4 μg/L; 35.2 μg/L) and n-propyl paraben (1.2 μg/L; 68.1 μg/L). Other environmental phenols with high detection rates were BPA (95%), triclosan (45%) and benzophenone 1 and 3 (26%). For most of the parabens/environmental phenols we found higher urinary levels in females than in males or children, probably due to differences in (personal care) product use. However, high levels (in the mg/L range) were also observed in children. Exposure to the above substances is occurring worldwide. Differences between countries do seem to exist and might be caused by different product compositions or different use habits. Human metabolism data is urgently needed to extrapolate from urinary biomarker levels to doses actually taken up.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.06.003DOI Listing

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