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On the Role of Epigenetic Modifications of HPA Axis in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Resilience.
J Neurophysiol
January 2025
Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4; Canada.
Stress is a fundamental adaptive response mediated by the amygdala and Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. Extreme or chronic stress, however, can result in a multitude of neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, paranoia, bipolar disorder (BP), major depressive disorder (MDD), and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Despite widespread exposure to trauma (70.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortins on the serotonin (hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) released from the raphe nuclei (RN).
Neuropeptides
January 2025
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary.
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortins (UCN1, UCN2 and UCN3) belong to the same CRF family of neuropeptides. They regulate the neuroendocrine, autonomic and behavioral responses to stress via two CRF receptors (CRF1 and CRF2). Stress, anxiety and depression affects the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the serotoninergic neurotransmission, both being regulated by CRF and CRF-related peptides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSummary: An oral contraceptive pill (OCP)-induced increase in total cortisol lead to reversible suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and insulin resistance (IR) in a patient with Addison's disease. We suggest that this might influence the choice of an OCP in such patients. A 20-year-old female was diagnosed with Addison's disease (cortisol: 44 nmol/L, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): >500 pg/mL) and started on hydrocortisone (HC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBifidobacterium longum CECT 30763 improves depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in a social defeat mouse model through the immune and dopaminergic systems.
Brain Behav Immun
December 2024
Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain.
Adolescence is a crucial period marked by profound changes in the brain. Exposure to psychological stressors such as bullying, abuse or maltreatment during this developmental period may increase the risk of developing depression, anxiety and comorbid cardiometabolic conditions. Chronic psychological stress is associated with behavioral changes and disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, leading to corticosterone overproduction in rodents and changes in both the immune system and the gut microbiome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChaihu-Shugan-San Ameliorated Osteoporosis of Mice with Depressive Behavior Caused by Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Repressing Neuroinflammation and HPA Activity.
Drug Des Devel Ther
December 2024
Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
Objective: Depression and osteoporosis are usually concurrent health problems. This study aimed to explore the development of osteoporosis in depressive mice model and investigate the beneficial effects of the classical herbal formula Chaihu-Shugan-San (CHSG) on the brain and bone.
Methods: CHSG powder was prepared by spray-drying following extraction with water.
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