Objective: This study builds on previous work delineating a hierarchical model of family environmental risk in relation to a hierarchical model of externalizing disorders (EXTs) by evaluating for gene-environment interplay in these relationships. The associations between parent-child relationship quality (conflict, bonding, and management) and substance-specific adolescent family environments (parental/sibling tobacco/alcohol use) in relation to young adult EXTs (age ∼22 years nicotine, alcohol, and other drug dependence; antisocial and risky sexual behavior) were evaluated.
Method: The sample included 533 adopted offspring and 323 biological offspring. Because adopted youth do not share genes with their parents, a significant association between parent-child relationship quality and EXTs would provide evidence against passive gene-environment correlation (rGE). Significant associations between parental tobacco/alcohol use in relation to offspring nicotine/alcohol dependence in the adopted offspring support common environmental influence. Significant associations detected for the biological offspring only suggest common genetic influence.
Results: For both adoptive and biological offspring, there was a significant association between parent-child relationship quality and EXTs. Parental tobacco/alcohol use was unrelated to EXTs. Sibling tobacco/alcohol use was related to EXTs, but only for the biological siblings. Parental tobacco use was associated with the residual variance in nicotine dependence in adopted offspring.
Conclusions: Findings replicate a long-term influence of adolescent parent-child relationship quality on adult EXTs. Findings extend previous research by providing evidence against passive rGE in this association. The association between parental tobacco use and adult nicotine dependence appears to be environmentally mediated, but caution is warranted as we found this relationship only for adopted youth.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2014.75.623 | DOI Listing |
Health Educ Behav
January 2025
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) has significant sequelae and is more prevalent among sexual and gender-diverse youth (SGDY). Increased parental involvement and communication has been linked to decreased prevalence of ARA and associated health risks. Parents of SGDY may have unique needs and experiences regarding communicating with their children about ARA, yet little research has examined this area.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFam Relat
December 2024
Department of Youth and Family Studies, Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Objective: The goal of the current study was to test prospective direct and indirect associations between preschool executive control (EC), parental affective quality and harsh discipline, and adolescent substance use (e-cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol) while accounting for participants' age, sex, family history of substance use, and family socioeconomic status.
Method: Participants were 313 youth (49% boys; 70.9% European American) and their parents who participated in a longitudinal cohort-sequential study on the development of EC in preschool and its associations with subsequent health outcomes.
BMC Oral Health
January 2025
Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
Background: Understanding the interactions among predictors of dental trust in children is important for designing effective interventions in pediatric dental care.
Aim: This study aimed to develop and validate a conceptual model to evaluate factors influencing dental trust in children.
Design: This cross-sectional study included 267 parent-child dyads.
BMC Public Health
January 2025
Rockman Et Al. Cooperative, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Background: The aim of this randomized control trial is to test the impact of providing additional training and support to volunteers who are paired with youth of color in the Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) community-based mentoring program. The aim of the intervention activities is to enhance the capacity of mentors to have more culturally responsive and informed interactions with their mentees of color, thereby strengthening the youth's ethnic/racial identity and abilities to both cope with experiences of racism and contribute to causes that advance social justice.
Methods: Recruitment started in June 2022, with a goal of enrolling 240 dyads (i.
J Fam Psychol
January 2025
Gallup Inc.
Various parenting practices and behaviors have been consistently linked to children and youth's mental health outcomes (Pinquart, 2016, 2017) through identified psychological and biological mechanisms (Hoeve et al., 2009). The quality of the dyadic parent-child relationship is less commonly studied but may be important in mediating the efficacy of parenting practices and understanding cultural differences in how parenting practices affect development outcomes (Ho et al.
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