Antibiotic precautions in athletes.

Context: Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment for bacterial infections in patients of all ages. Athletes who maximally train are at risk for illness and various infections. Routinely used antibiotics have been linked to tendon injuries, cardiac arrhythmias, diarrhea, photosensitivity, cartilage issues, and decreased performance.

Evidence Acquisition: Relevant articles published from 1989 to 2012 obtained through searching MEDLINE and OVID. Also, the Food and Drug Administration website was utilized.

Study Design: Clinical review.

Level Of Evidence: Level 3.

Results: The team physician should consider alternative medications in place of the "drug of choice" when adverse drug effects are a concern for an athlete's health or performance. If alternative medications cannot be selected, secondary preventative measures, including sunscreen or probiotics, may be needed.

Conclusion: Physicians choose medications based on a variety of factors to help ensure infection resolution while limiting potential side effects. Extra precautions are indicated when treating athletes with certain antibiotics.