Daptomycin use in pediatric patients.

Purpose: Currently available evidence on the use of daptomycin in pediatric patients is reviewed and evaluated.

Summary: Although guidelines on the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections recommend daptomycin for use in pediatric patients, that recommendation is primarily based on expert opinion. A literature search for articles on pediatric daptomycin use identified three pharmacokinetic studies, three case reports, and one retrospective review. The limited body of published evidence indicates that pediatric patients may require higher daptomycin doses than adult patients in order to attain therapeutic serum concentrations. Pharmacokinetic studies in pediatric patients demonstrated faster daptomycin clearance (CL) and a decreased area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) relative to values reported in adults. Daptomycin appears to have a shorter half-life in patients 2-6 years of age relative to those 12-17 years of age. A retrospective review of 16 cases in which pediatric patients were treated with daptomycin for invasive gram-positive infections indicated positive outcomes after the addition of daptomycin to standard therapy. Overall, daptomycin appears to be well tolerated in pediatric patients.

Conclusion: Due to the limited nature of the available literature, use of daptomycin in pediatric patients should be limited to situations in which other options are not viable due to toxicity, local susceptibility patterns, or likely treatment failure. As a result of faster drug CL and lower AUC values, higher doses may be necessary in pediatric patients to achieve serum concentrations similar to those seen with adult dosing.