Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan,
Published: March 2016
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Humanin is a 24-amino acid, secreted bioactive peptide that prevents various types of cell death and improves some types of cell dysfunction. Humanin inhibits neuronal cell death that is caused by a familial Alzheimer's disease (AD)-linked gene via binding to the heterotrimeric Humanin receptor (htHNR). This suggests that Humanin may play a protective role in AD-related pathogenesis. Calmodulin-like skin protein (CLSP) has recently been identified as a physiological agonist of htHNR with 10(5)-fold more potent anti-cell death activity than Humanin. Humanin has also shown to have protective effects against some metabolic disorders. In this review, the broad range of functions of Humanin and the functions of CLSP that have been characterized thus far are summarized.
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may promote growth and stress resilience of plants, particularly under water-deficit conditions. However, interactions among mycorrhizal fungi, wheat plants, and aphids like the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under water-deficit stress are still not well understood. Here, we examined the colonization of the fungus Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Glomerales: Claroideoglomeraceae) on wheat, and its effects on development and behavior of S.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the elderly worldwide. It is characterized by local inflammation, which can be targeted therapeutically using natural anti-inflammatory compounds such as curcumin. This scoping review explores the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of curcumin in OA management.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease characterized by vascular reHypoxiaing, endothelial cell dysfunction, and inflammation. Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1, also known as STK11) is a central regulator of cell polarity and energy homeostasis. However, its specific role and mechanism of action in PH remain unclear.
Background: Chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM) significantly impacts quality of life and reduces survival in patients treated with specific chemotherapeutic agents. However, effective clinical treatments for CIM remain limited. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), a therapeutic derived from pooled human plasma, is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases.
Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides, which is involved in acute lung injury (ALI). Brazilin, an organic compound known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has not been thoroughly studied for its potential impact on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Here, we found that pretreatment of brazilin mitigated LPS-induced lung injury and inflammation by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress and ferroptosis, both in vivo and in vitro.
