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Analysis of nutritional disease in prehistory: The search for scurvy in antiquity and today.
Int J Paleopathol
June 2014
Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3998, United States.
In this paper, we discuss the issues surrounding the study of scurvy, or vitamin C deficiency, in paleopathology, and highlight the work of Donald Ortner in advancing this area of research. This micronutrient deficiency impacts collagen formation and results in damage to a variety of bodily tissues. While clinical manifestations are observed routinely, the lack of specific signatures on bone makes paleopathological diagnosis difficult.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe evolution of disease: anthropological perspectives on epidemiologic transitions.
Glob Health Action
February 2015
Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Background: The model of epidemiologic transitions has served as a guiding framework for understanding relationships between patterns of human health and disease and economic development for the past several decades. However, epidemiologic transition theory is infrequently employed in epidemiology.
Objective: Moving beyond Omran's original formulation, we discuss critiques and modifications of the theory of epidemiologic transitions and highlight some of the ways in which incorporating epidemiologic transition theory can benefit theory and practice in epidemiology.
Brain evolution, the determinates of food choice, and the omnivore's dilemma.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
October 2014
a Department of Anthropology , Emory University, 1557 Dickey Drive , Atlanta , GA , 30321 , USA.
A coevolutionary paradigm using a biocultural perspective can help to unravel the complex interactions that led to the contemporary pattern of eating. Evolutionary history helps to understand the adaptation of diet and its nutritional implications. Anatomical and behavioral changes linked to changing dietary patterns in the Paleolithic resulted in an adaptive framework that affects modern diet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenomics, the origins of agriculture, and our changing microbe-scape: time to revisit some old tales and tell some new ones.
Am J Phys Anthropol
December 2013
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032.
Though agriculture is often viewed as one of humanity's crowning achievements, skeletal evidence indicates that dependence on domesticated plants and animals was accompanied by an increase in infectious disease. Scientists have proposed that many important infections emerged in the period following the advent of agriculture, as a result of newly dense populations and novel proximity to domestic animals that served as reservoirs for novel pathogens. Here, we review genomic evidence regarding pathogen origins, analyzing these data using the epidemiological transition framework.
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