This study estimated the number of years of life lost (YLL) by cause due to premature death in Tunisia for the year 2006. We adopted the methodology (SEYLL) proposed by Murray and Lopez. The crude rate of YLL was 58.1 per 1000 inhabitants. After age-standardization using the world population, we obtained a rate of 57.7 YLL per 1000. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (19.3% of total YLL) and cancers (17.8%) dominated the burden of premature mortality, followed by perinatal conditions (13.6%). Excluding extreme age groups where perinatal conditions (0-4 years) and CVD (> 60 years) dominated the YLL's causes, injuries (road traffic crashes, falls, etc.) and cancers were most responsible for YLL. The present study highlights the major contribution of noncommunicable diseases to YLL in Tunisia. The promotion of healthy lifestyle and the reinforcement of secondary prevention in primary health care are the best ways to tackle these diseases.
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