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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: str_replace
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Function: formatAIDetailSummary
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: file_get_contents
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Function: require_once
Objective: To make an assessment on the genotoxicity caused by black carbon (BC) and ozonized black carbon (O₃-BC).
Methods: In this study, 74 healthy male ICR mice [weighed (28 ± 1.5) g] were randomly divided into 7 groups, including one phosphate buffer solution (PBS) control group and six particles exposed groups by intratracheal instillation with either BC or O₃-BC at the doses of 50, 100, 200 μg/mouse, respectively. There were 12 mice in the groups of 200 μg/mouse and 10 mice in others. The mice were sacrificed 24 h after four intratrachealinstillations. The activities of catalase (CAT) in serum and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissue homogenate were measured. As the DNA damage mark, 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine and serum were quantified with ELISA method. Micronucleus test was used for potential genotoxicity of BC and O₃-BC. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to stain lung paraffin section.
Results: The mice were in good condition during instillation, and the liver coefficient of the test groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The activities of CAT in serum significantly increased in the 100 μg/mouse and 200 μg/mouse groups after being exposed to these two kinds of particles. The micronucleus rate in allthe BC and O₃-BC exposed groups increased (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference among the groups in the levels of 8-OHdG in serum and urine and MDA in lung tissue homogenate. Inflammatory response was found in the lung tissue under the microscope after exposure to BC and O₃-BC.
Conclusion: Intratracheal instillation of BC and O₃-BC induced increasing of oxidative stress and genetic damage in mice. But there was no significant difference between these two particles in toxicity. Whether the genotoxicity of O₃-BC is higher than that of BC or not is uncertain. Further research is needed.
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