AI Article Synopsis
- The complement system is crucial for the immune defense of vertebrates, activated through three pathways: classical, alternative, and lectin.
- This study focused on Bf/C2 and C4 genes in miiuy croaker, finding these genes expressed in various tissues and significantly up-regulated in the liver after bacterial infection.
- Evolutionary analysis revealed that while mammals' Bf/C2 and C4 genes showed signs of positive selection, indicating adaptation, no such selection was observed in the fish counterparts, suggesting different evolutionary patterns.
Article Abstract
The complement system plays an important role in both innate and adaptive host defense against the invading microorganisms in vertebrates. It can be activated by three pathways: the classical, alternative and lectin pathways. Bf/C2 and C4, as members of complement, play a pivotal role in the activation of the complement system. In our study, we identified Bf/C2 and C4 genes and genomic structure in miiuy croaker, and expression patterns of Bf/C2 and C4 genes was analyzed. In healthy miiuy croaker tissues, Bf/C2 and C4 genes were found to be ubiquitously expressed in all ten tested tissues. Analysis of expression of Bf/C2 and C4 genes after bacterial infection showed a significant up-regulated in liver. The evolutionary analysis showed that the ancestral lineages of Bf/C2 and C4 genes in mammals and fishes experienced positive selection indicated that the ancestors of mammals and fishes had further evolved to adapt to their environment, respectively. A series of maximum likelihood (ML) methods were used to study the evolution on vertebrates' Bf/C2 and C4 genes. One and five positive selection sites were found in mammals of Bf/C2 and C4 genes, but no positive selection site was found in fishes of Bf/C2 and C4 genes, indicating that Bf/C2 and C4 genes in mammals and fishes underwent different evolutionary patterns.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.001 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Two different complement Factor B (Bf) alleles of the orangutan major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are also conserved in chimpanzee and humans showing importance in primate immunity.
Mol Biol Rep
November 2024
Department of Immunology, Medicine Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Gregorio Merañon, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Background: Major Human Histocompatibility complex (MHC or HLA in humans) has been associated to autoimmune diseases. However, only statistical phenomenological and no pathogenetic description has been reached after decades. This shows that MHC single locus association studies are probably useless for HLA/diseases association.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreliminary study of BF/C2 on immune mechanism of grass carp against GCRV infection.
BMC Genomics
July 2024
Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
BF/C2 is a crucial molecule in the coagulation complement cascade pathway and plays a significant role in the immune response of grass carp through the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways during GCRV infection. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of BF/C2 (A, B) in grass carp positively correlated with GCRV viral replication at various stages of infection. Excessive inflammation leading to death coincided with peak levels of BF/C2 (A, B) mRNA expression and GCRV viral replication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplement factor B/C2 in molluscs regulates agglutination and illuminates evolution of the Bf/C2 family.
FASEB J
December 2019
Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
Complement factor B/C2 family (Bf/C2F) proteins are core complement system components in vertebrates that are absent in invertebrates and have been lost by numerous species, raising evolutionary questions. At least 3 duplication events have occurred from Cnidaria (ancestor) to mammals. Type II Bf/C2 genes appeared during separation of Proterostomia and Deuterostomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Gamma Block of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Association with Clinical Outcomes of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Study.
Biol Blood Marrow Transplant
April 2019
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Ohio.
HLA haplotype mismatches have been associated with an elevated risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in patients undergoing HLA-matched unrelated donor (URD) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The gamma block (GB) is located in the central MHC region between beta and delta blocks (encoding HLA-B and -C and HLA-DQ and -DR antigens, respectively) and contains numerous inflammatory and immune regulatory genes, including Bf, C2, and C4 genes. A single-center study showed that mismatches in SNPs c.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFC-reactive protein and complement as acute phase reactants in common carp Cyprinus carpio during CyHV-3 infection.
Dis Aquat Organ
July 2014
Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG Keele, UK.
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the aetiological agent of a highly virulent and lethal disease of common carp Cyprinus carpio and its ornamental koi varieties. However, specific knowledge about immune mechanisms behind the infection process is very limited. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the CyHV-3 infection on the profile of 2 major components of the common carp immune acute phase response: the C-reactive protein (CRP) and the complement system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!