Acalvaria.

J Neurosurg Pediatr

Department of Neurosurgery and.

Published: August 2014

Acalvaria is a rare congenital malformation characterized by an absence of skin and skull. The authors describe a newborn at an estimated 38 weeks gestational age who was delivered via cesarean section from a 32-year-old mother. Upon delivery, the child was noted to have a frontal encephalocele and an absence of calvaria including skull and skin overlying the brain. A thin membrane representing dura mater was overlying the cortical tissue. After multiple craniofacial operations, including repair of the encephalocele and application of cultured keratinocytes over the rostral defect, the patient demonstrated significant closure of the calvarial defect and was alive at an age of more than 17 months with near-average development.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.5.PEDS13688DOI Listing

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Rationale: Acalvaria is an exceptionally rare congenital disorder marked by the absence of flat bones of the cranial vault, dura mater, and associated muscles, while the facial bones and base of the skull remain intact. Typically, the central nervous system is unaffected. Due to their extreme rarity, reported cases in the literature are infrequent.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Acalvaria is a rare birth defect involving the absence of parts of the skull and related structures, but the brain and other facial bones are intact; it is often confused with anencephaly, which does involve brain tissue loss.
  • - The case presented is of a newborn from Papua diagnosed with both acalvaria and open-lip schizencephaly, born to a healthy mother with no significant medical or genetic history.
  • - Postnatal examination revealed significant irregularities in the skull and brain structure, and while acalvaria is usually fatal, very few cases with extended survival have been documented.
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  • The article DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.10.036 had an error that needed to be addressed.
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Unlabelled: Acalvaria is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the absence of bones and related muscles in a section of the skull. The number of reported cases in the literature is quite low, and it is generally considered a fatal malformation. We present a case of a newborn diagnosed with acalvaria malformation along with a review of the literature, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing this rare condition from malformations such as anencephaly, exencephaly and acrania.

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