Purpose: To determine the prevalence and incidence of epiretinal membranes (ERM) in eyes with inactive extramacular cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Methods: A case-control report from a longitudinal multicenter observational study by the Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA) Research Group. A total of 357 eyes of 270 patients with inactive CMV retinitis and 1084 eyes of 552 patients with no ocular opportunistic infection (OOI) were studied. Stereoscopic views of the posterior pole from fundus photographs were assessed at baseline and year 5 visits for the presence of macular ERM. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression was used to compare the prevalence and 5-year incidence of ERM in eyes with and without CMV retinitis at enrollment. Crude and adjusted logistic regression was performed adjusting for possible confounders. Main outcome measures included the prevalence, incidence, estimated prevalence, and incidence odds ratios.
Results: The prevalence of ERM at enrollment was 14.8% (53/357) in eyes with CMV retinitis versus 1.8% (19/1084) in eyes with no OOI. The incidence of ERM at 5 years was 18.6% (16/86) in eyes with CMV retinitis versus 2.4% (6/253) in eyes with no OOI. The crude odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, CI) for prevalence was 9.8 (5.5-17.5) (P < 0.01). The crude OR (95% CI) for incidence was 9.4 (3.2-27.9) (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: A history of extramacular CMV retinitis is associated with increased prevalence and incidence of ERM formation compared to what is seen in eyes without ocular opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-14479 | DOI Listing |
N Engl J Med
January 2025
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Korean J Ophthalmol
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
Purpose: To investigate ocular manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and its relationship to T cell immunity.
Methods: HIV patients with ocular IRIS after HAART were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical presentations with previous opportunistic infection, duration from initiation of HAART to IRIS, blood CD4+, CD8+ T cell count, and HIV RNA copies before HAART and at IRIS were analyzed.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Purpose: To examine the recurrence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) iritis in patients using low-dose ganciclovir (GCV) eye drops.
Methods: We included patients with dormant CMV iritis who were treated using 2% GCV eye drops at the University of Tokyo Hospital between January and June 2023 and whose dosage of GCV eye drops was required to be reduced due to the unstable GCV supply. Patients were excluded if they had active CMV retinitis and underwent corneal transplantation.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate demographic features, diagnoses of uveitis (intraocular inflammation), and real-world clinical practice in the use of local and systemic therapies for patients with uveitis in Tokyo, Japan.
Methods: Clinical records of 1,174 consecutive new patients (480 males, 694 females) referred to the Kyorin Eye Center, Kyorin University Hospital between January 2011 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Mean age at presentation was 52.
Microorganisms
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Infectious retinitis, though rare, poses a significant threat to vision, often leading to severe and irreversible damage. Various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, tick-borne agents, parasites, and fungi, can cause this condition. Among these, necrotizing herpetic retinitis represents a critical spectrum of retinal infections primarily caused by herpes viruses such as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV).
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