We present a versatile illumination system where white light emitting diodes are coupled through a planar waveguide to periodically patterned extraction features at the focal plane of a two dimensional lenslet array. Adjusting the position of the lenslet array allows control over both the directionality and divergence of the emitted beam. We describe an analytic design process, and show optimal designs can achieve high luminous emittance (1.3x10⁴ lux) over a 2x2 foot aperture with over 75% optical efficiency while simultaneously allowing beam steering over ± 60° and divergence control from ± 5° to fully hemispherical output. Finally, we present experimental results of a prototype system which validate the design model.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.00A742 | DOI Listing |
Micromachines (Basel)
December 2024
Center of Excellence for Thin-Film Research and Surface Engineering (CETRASE), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
This paper explores the potential of phase change materials (PCM) for dynamically tuning the frequency response of a dumbbell u-slot defected ground structure (DGS)-based band stop filter. The DGSs are designed using co-planar waveguide (CPW) line structure on top of a barium strontium titanate (BaSrTiO) (BST) thin film. BST film is used as the high-dielectric material for the planar DGS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLuminescence
January 2025
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Aiming at net-zero emissions, most international and national policies focus on sustainable development goals. Hence, there is an immediate need for replacing carbon-intensive materials with biomaterials. In this respect, this article presents a road-map for moving from polymeric to sustainable waveguides in optical devices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethodsX
December 2024
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Al-Hussein Bin Talal, University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan.
Coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines are valued for their planar design, low radiation, and minimized signal loss, but controlling their characteristic impedance remains a challenge. This study employs the Taguchi method, a statistical approach, to optimize the characteristic impedance by adjusting eight control factors: track width, track thickness, gap width, dielectric height, backplane thickness, conductor material conductivity, dielectric conductivity, and operational frequency. The analysis evaluates these factors across three levels to find optimal conditions, with dielectric height and track width identified as most influential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Phys Lett
January 2024
Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
Fused silica has become an interesting alternative to silicon for millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications. Unfortunately, there are a few reports on the measurement of fused silica's permittivity above 110 GHz that use electrical rather than optical methods. Given that mmWave applications use electrical circuits, additional electrical data would be useful to industry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, Pessac F-33600, France.
Femtosecond laser inscription in a ytterbium-doped silver-containing phosphate glass is demonstrated by achieving 3D highly localized laser-induced silver photochemistry. The produced fluorescent silver nanoclusters lead to high optical contrast in the visible range, showing that the coinsertion of Yb ions is not detrimental to the silver-based photochemistry. We demonstrate efficient energy transfer from these silver nanoclusters to the rare-earth Yb ions, leading to near-IR background-free fluorescence emission.
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