[Cancer screening in Japan and prostate cancer screening].

National cancer control programs are structured to include four main areas: prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment, and palliative care. Cancer screening is particularly important because it helps to reduce medical costs and achieve maximum benefits for both patients and the country. There are many issues with cancer screening in Japan that need a solution, such as low participation rate and lack of sufficient quality control. Prostate cancer screening frequently leads to over-diagnosis and over-treatment, and therefore it should not be part of the 6th national screening program in Japan.