Internalization and degradation of live Bb within phagosomal compartments of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), allows for the release of lipoproteins, nucleic acids and other microbial products, triggering a broad and robust inflammatory response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key players in the recognition of spirochetal ligands from whole viable organisms (i.e., vita-PAMPs). Herein we will review the role of endosomal TLRs in the response to the Lyme disease spirochete.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2014.00055 | DOI Listing |
Methods Mol Biol
August 2024
Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Phagocytosis is a central process by which macrophage cells internalize and eliminate microbes as well as apoptotic cells. The nascent phagosome undergoes a complex maturation process involving sequential fusion with endosomal compartments. The endosomal TLRs, including TLR3, -7, -8, and -9, play a critical role in innate immunity by sensing bacterial or viral nucleic acids and are preferentially transported to the phagosomal membrane of innate immune cells upon activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Gastroenterol
April 2024
Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) encompasses a spectrum of pancreatic inflammatory conditions, ranging from mild inflammation to severe pancreatic necrosis and multisystem organ failure. Given the challenges associated with obtaining human pancreatic samples, research on AP predominantly relies on animal models. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying AP using various AP models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutophagy
August 2024
CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France.
Crohn disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease whose pathogenesis involves inappropriate immune responses toward gut microbiota on genetically predisposed backgrounds. Notably, CD is associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms affecting several genes involved in macroautophagy/autophagy, the catabolic process that ensures the degradation and recycling of cytosolic components and microorganisms. In a clinical translation perspective, monitoring the autophagic activity of CD patients will require some knowledge on the intrinsic functional status of autophagy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
April 2024
Immunology and Transplant Immunology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
The Golgi apparatus, long recognized for its roles in protein processing and vesicular trafficking, has recently been identified as a crucial contributor to innate immune signaling pathways. This review discusses our expanding understanding of the Golgi apparatus's involvement in initiating and activating these pathways. It highlights the significance of membrane connections between the Golgi and other organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, endosomes, and autophagosomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFish Shellfish Immunol
April 2024
Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR). Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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