Front Hum Neurosci
Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea Lecco, Italy ; Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of General Psychology, University of Padua Padua, Italy.
Published: June 2014
Although the dominant view posits that developmental dyslexia (DD) arises from a deficit in phonological processing, emerging evidence suggest that DD could result from a more basic cross-modal letter-to-speech sound integration deficit. Letters have to be precisely selected from irrelevant and cluttering letters by rapid orienting of visual attention before the correct letter-to-speech sound integration applies. In the present study the time-course of spatial attention was investigated measuring target detection reaction times (RTs) in a cuing paradigm, while temporal attention was investigated by assessing impaired identification of the first of two sequentially presented masked visual objects. Spatial and temporal attention were slower in dyslexic children with a deficit in pseudoword reading (N = 14) compared to chronological age (N = 43) and to dyslexics without a deficit in pseudoword reading (N = 18), suggesting a direct link between visual attention efficiency and phonological decoding skills. Individual differences in these visual attention mechanisms were specifically related to pseudoword reading accuracy in dyslexics. The role of spatial and temporal attention in the graphemic parsing process might be related to a basic oscillatory "temporal sampling" dysfunction.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00331 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
The College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, Jiangsu, China.
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January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address:
This paper addresses the critical challenge of interpretability in machine learning methods for machine fault diagnosis by introducing a novel ad hoc interpretable neural network structure called Sparse Temporal Logic Network (STLN). STLN conceptualizes network neurons as logical propositions and constructs formal connections between them using specified logical operators, which can be articulated and understood as a formal language called Weighted Signal Temporal Logic. The network includes a basic word network using wavelet kernels to extract intelligible features, a transformer encoder with sparse and structured neural attention to locate informative signal segments relevant to decision-making, and a logic network to synthesize a coherent language for fault explanation.
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Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain. Electronic address:
Significant effort has been spent attempting to unravel the causal relationship between histone post-translational modifications and fundamental DNA processes, including transcription, replication, and repair. However, less attention has been paid to understanding the reciprocal influence-that is, how DNA processes, in turn, shape the distribution and patterns of histone modifications and how these changes convey information, both temporally and spatially, from one process to another. Here, we review how histone modifications underpin the widespread bidirectional crosstalk between different DNA processes, which allow seemingly distinct phenomena to operate as a unified whole.
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Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
The platform economy has contributed to new ways of organising business, work, and consumption. To understand the shape and scope of these changes, it is crucial to pay simultaneous attention to these three domains. The new ways of organising, dividing and coordinating work are interlinked with specific ways of consuming services made available by digital platforms.
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January 2025
School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
Oxytocin, a neuropeptide pivotal in social and reproductive behaviors, has recently gained attention for its potential impact on cognitive processes relevant to creativity. Yet, the direct intricate interplay between oxytocin and creativity, particularly in the context of individual differences in motivational orientations, remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of intranasal oxytocin on creative thinking in individuals characterized by varying levels of approach and avoidance motivations.
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