[Dentigerous cyst in a pediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia type 1].

Objective: To report medical and surgical treatment in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia type 1 who developed a dangerous cyst.

Clinical Case: A male of 8 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia type 1, whose treatment was in induction. In one month, the patient presented a facial asymmetry due to mandibular growth and acute pain, hyperthermia and malaise. In the examination, we identified lip parestesia, a second temporal molar treated with chromium steel and expansion involving the cortical of the lateral permanent incisive until the first permanent molar was identified. Since we suspected of bone metastasis, we performed an orthopantomography. We established the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. Enucleation, curettage, and extraction of decay teeth were done in order to avoid and prevent infectious sources.

Conclusions: The most frequent clinical manifestations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. This leukemia may be manifested also as infiltration of the jaw bone. In this case, the results showed no presence of bone metastasis. As a first step before to begin treatment, the physician ought to make sure that the patient is free of infectious processes anywhere that may influence the clinical development of leukemia. Due to the surgical intervention and to a successful bone marrow transplant, the patient is on remission.