The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has played an important role as a target in the treatment of a variety of disease states over the past 20 plus years. In this review, we give an overview of the receptor at the cellular level and then provide details as to how this receptor has been targeted to modulate cellular ion transport mechanisms. As a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, it has a high degree of homology with a variety of other members in this class, which could explain why this receptor has been identified in so many different tissues throughout the body. This diversity of locations sets it apart from other members of the family and may explain how the receptor interacts with so many different organ systems in the body to modulate the physiology and pathophysiology. The receptor is unique in that it has two large exofacial lobes that sit in the extracellular environment and sense changes in a wide variety of environmental cues including salinity, pH, amino acid concentration, and polyamines to name just a few. It is for this reason that there has been a great deal of research associated with normal receptor physiology over the past 20 years. With the ongoing research, in more recent years a focus on the pathophysiology has emerged and the effects of receptor mutations on cellular and organ physiology have been identified. We hope that this review will enhance and update the knowledge about the importance of this receptor and stimulate future potential investigations focused around this receptor in cellular, organ, and systemic physiology and pathophysiology.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121584 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00139.2014 | DOI Listing |
J Chem Inf Model
January 2025
Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1218 S 5th Ave, Monrovia, California 91016, United States.
Bayesian network modeling (BN modeling, or BNM) is an interpretable machine learning method for constructing probabilistic graphical models from the data. In recent years, it has been extensively applied to diverse types of biomedical data sets. Concurrently, our ability to perform long-time scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on proteins and other materials has increased exponentially.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZool Res
January 2025
The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China. E-mail:
Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex network of endogenous neuropeptides. In chordates, this role is suggested to be under the control of diverse factors including thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). However, whether this regulatory activity of TRH is functionally conserved in non-chordate metazoans, and to what extent this process is underpinned by interactions of TRH with other neuropeptides such as cholecystokinin (CCK, known as a satiety signal), remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
January 2025
Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.
Background: Clinical expressivity of the thrombophilic factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation is highly variable. Recently, we demonstrated an increased APC (activated protein C) response in asymptomatic FVL carriers compared with FVL carriers with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after in vivo coagulation activation. Here, we further explored this association using a recently developed ex vivo model based on patient-specific endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe form of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis in the liver, often progressing to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite its rising prevalence and significant disease burden, effective pharmacological treatments have been limited to lifestyle modifications and surgical interventions. Recently, resmetirom, a thyroid hormone receptor-β agonist, received FDA approval for treating NASH, offering new hope to patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Vet Sci
January 2025
Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
Introduction: The H9N2 avian influenza virus is widely disseminated in poultry and poses a zoonotic threat, despite vaccination efforts. Mutations at residue 198 of hemagglutinin (HA) are critical for antigenic variation and receptor-binding specificity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the molecular mechanisms by which mutations at the HA 198 site affect the antigenicity, receptor specificity, and binding affinity of the H9N2 virus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!