[Young heart failure: epidemiological, clinical and etiological aspects in the teaching hospital Sylvanus Olympio of Lomé].

Aims: The aim of the study was to analyze the epidemiologic, clinical and etiologic aspects of heart failures of the young age to 18 to 45 years.

Patients And Method: It consisted of a cross-sectional study realized in hospitalization in the service of cardiologic of Teaching Hospital Sylvanus Olympio of Lomé on 35 months (January 2009 to November 2012). The completion of a Doppler echocardiography was necessary to include the patients in the study.

Results: The prevalence heart failure in the 45 years old young people to more was of 28.6%. The median age of the patients was of 36.5±3 years with a sex ratio of 10.7. Heart failure was total among 268 patients (71.3%). The electrocardiogram found 88 patients (23.4%) in complete arrhythmia by auricular fibrillation. Cardiac echography found a dilation of the left ventricle among 271 patients (72.1%), a systolic dysfunction of left ventricle among 213 patients (56.6%) and an intracavitary thrombus among 37 patients (9.8%). The etiologies were: hypertension 161 cases (42.8%), heart valve diseases 68 cases (18.1%), the peripartum cardiomyopathy 58 cases (15.4%), dilated cardiomyopathy 22 cases (5.8%), the alcoholism 12 cases (3.1%), ischaemic heart diseases 10 cases (2.7%), congenital heart diseases 10 cases (2.7%), the chronic pulmonary heart 8 cases (2.1%), the cardiothyreosis 7 cases (1.8%), the pericardial tamponnade 4 cases (1.1%) and myocarditis with VIH 4 cases (1.1%). Hospital lethality was of 16.4% (62 patients).

Conclusion: Heart failure is a serious and frequent pathology in Africa. It affects young and active subjects. The causes are dominated by hypertension.