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Indian J Radiol Imaging
Department of Imaging Science and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
Published: January 2014
In this article, we first review some aspects of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm designing for major cognitive functions by using stimulus delivery systems like Cogent, E-Prime, Presentation, etc., along with their technical aspects. We also review the stimulus presentation possibilities (block, event-related) for visual or auditory paradigms and their advantage in both clinical and research setting. The second part mainly focus on various fMRI data post-processing tools such as Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and Brain Voyager, and discuss the particulars of various preprocessing steps involved (realignment, co-registration, normalization, smoothing) in these software and also the statistical analysis principles of General Linear Modeling for final interpretation of a functional activation result.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-3026.130686 | DOI Listing |
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Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Chronic aortic dissection is a complex disease with a heterogenous clinical course. Specialised imaging is necessary for the long-term surveillance of this disease to identify patients who meet the criteria for intervention, and to monitor surgically treated patients for complications. Whilst computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the most widely utilised modalities, providing a high degree of anatomical detail and reproducible aortic measurements, they are not without significant limitations.
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Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Clinic Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Krivokolenny pereulok, 3, Moscow 101000, Russia.
Low-level auditory processing difficulties have been previously reported in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and some studies showed the relationship between these difficulties in the primary auditory cortex and language impairment in ASD. However, there is still a limited number of studies that comprehensively assess (i) amplitudes, latencies, and sensory gating effects in all early components of auditory processing (M50-M100-M200 complex) at the source level in magnetoencephalography with their relation to structural anatomy (gray matter volume, thickness, gyrification) (ii) and the association between brain metrics and clinical phenotype in the same group of children. To address this question, we used a standard paired-clicks paradigm in magnetoencephalography and brain morphometry analysis in children with and without ASD (NASD = 20, NTD = 20).
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Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 7000-8558, Japan.
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Medical Physics Group, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
How anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) and cathodal tDCS (ctDCS) affect brain networks is still unclear. Previous fMRI studies have yielded controversial results regarding the effects of atDCS and ctDCS on fMRI activation. The present study hypothesizes that the choice of fMRI paradigm may be a contributing factor to this divergence.
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