The response of a particle in a periodic potential to an applied force is commonly described by an effective mass, which accounts for the detailed interaction between the particle and the surrounding potential. Using a Bose-Einstein condensate of (87)Rb atoms initially in the ground band of an optical lattice, we experimentally show that the initial response of a particle to an applied force is in fact characterized by the bare mass. Subsequently, the particle response undergoes rapid oscillations and only over time scales that are long compared to those of the interband dynamics is the effective mass observed to be an appropriate description. Our results elucidate the role of the effective mass on short time scales, which is relevant for example in the interaction of few-cycle laser pulses with dielectric and semiconductor materials.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.170404 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Long-term effects of petroleum mulch on concentration, health, and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sand dune soils of Khuzestan province, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
December 2024
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Environmental consequences of petroleum mulch application are crucial in regions prone to wind erosion and desertification. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of petroleum mulching on soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and the associated human and ecological risk indices. These indices include incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), hazard index (HI), toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ), toxic unit (TU), and risk quotient (RQ) in soil samples from Khuzestan province, Iran.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLongitudinal Patterns of Disordered Eating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Mental Conditions.
Braz J Psychiatry
December 2024
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Objective: Disordered Eating Behaviors (DEB) are associated with dysfunctional changes in eating behavior, not meeting diagnostic criteria for eating disorders. DEB affects a significant percentage of individuals, yet it remains under-researched. The current study investigates the developmental trajectory and psychopathological correlates of DEB in children and adolescents in Brazil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFpH-Ultrasensitive Membranolytic Polyesters with Alternating Sequence of Ionizable and Hydrophobic Groups for Selective Oncolytic Therapy.
J Am Chem Soc
December 2024
School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China.
Oncolytic therapy, inducing cell death via cell membrane lysis, holds considerable promise in cancer treatment. However, achieving precise control over the structure and function of oncolytic materials for highly selective oncolytic therapy is a key challenge in the context of the subtle differences between tumor and normal tissues/cells. Herein, we report the development of pH-ultrasensitive oncolytic polyesters (pOPs) with an alternating sequence of ionizable and hydrophobic groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpacts of Depressive Symptoms on the Effectiveness of a Theory-Driven Exercise Intervention Among Community-Dwelling (Pre)frail Older Adults.
Clin Gerontol
December 2024
School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Objectives: To investigate whether baseline depressive symptoms impacted the effectiveness of an exercise intervention among (pre)frail older adults.
Methods: This is a subanalysis of a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial implementing an exercise intervention, with an application of the integration of the Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Health Action Process Approach, among 149 community-dwelling (pre)frail older adults. The intervention effectiveness was examined by baseline depressive symptoms (depressive symptoms ( = 40) and non-depressive symptoms ( = 109).
Size-adjustable High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles as an Efficient Platform for Electrocatalysis.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Shenzhen University, Chemistry, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060, Shenzhen, CHINA.
The high entropy alloy (HEA) possesses distinctive thermal stability and electronic characteristics, which exhibits substantial potential for diverse applications in electrocatalytic reactions. However, accurately controlling the size of HEA still remains a challenge, especially for the ultrasmall HEA nanoparticles. Herein, we firstly calculate and illustrate the size impact on the electronic structure of HEA and the adsorption energies of crucial intermediates in typical electrocatalytic reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR) and NO3- electroreduction (NO3RR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!