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Transcriptional Gene Silencing (TGS) via the RNAi Machinery in HIV-1 Infections. | LitMetric

Transcriptional Gene Silencing (TGS) via the RNAi Machinery in HIV-1 Infections.

Biology (Basel)

National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20108, USA.

Published: August 2012

AI Article Synopsis

  • Gene silencing uses non-coding RNAs, like siRNA and miRNA, to suppress gene expression at various stages, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels.
  • Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) involves mechanisms like DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling, facilitated by complexes that recruit DNA methyltransferases and other proteins.
  • The text particularly highlights TGS in HIV-1 infected cells, discussing how the introduction of exogenous siRNA or shRNA can effectively reduce viral transcription through TGS.

Article Abstract

Gene silencing via non-coding RNA, such as siRNA and miRNA, can occur at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational stages of expression. Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) involving the RNAi machinery generally occurs through DNA methylation, as well as histone post-translational modifications, and corresponding remodeling of chromatin around the target gene into a heterochromatic state. The mechanism by which mammalian TGS occurs includes the recruitment of RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing (RITS) complexes, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and other chromatin remodelers. Additionally, virally infected cells encoding miRNAs have also been shown to manipulate the host cell RNAi machinery to induce TGS at the viral genome, thereby establishing latency. Furthermore, the introduction of exogenous siRNA and shRNA into infected cells that target integrated viral promoters can greatly suppress viral transcription via TGS. Here we examine the latest findings regarding mammalian TGS, specifically focusing on HIV-1 infected cells, and discuss future avenues of exploration in this field.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4009781PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology1020339DOI Listing

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