This study was carried out to investigate the impact of tripterygium glycosides (TGs) on ovarian function of female rats in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies showed that TG induced cells decrease at G1 phase and inhibited cell proliferation in rat granulosa cells. In vivo, female rats were intragastrically administered with TG at the dose of 60 mg/kg/day for consecutive 50 days. TG caused a prolonged estrous cycle, and a significant reduction in ovarian index, serum E2 level, and numbers of secondary and antral follicles (p < 0.05) in these rats. A significant reduction of viable embryos was demonstrated in TG-treated female rats after mating (p < 0.01). Further, we observed observed the reduced expression level of TGF-β1 after TG treatment in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the expression of Smad2 and AKT was also decreased after TG treatment. These results suggest that TG can impair ovarian function through Smads-mediated TGF-β1 signal pathway.
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