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Dissection revisited: Deciphering bodies and ancient medical texts.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
Department of Classics, Faculty of Humanities. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.
Unlike traditional approaches to Greco-Roman medicine, which are strongly based on textual evidence, we addressed some problems, currently debated by historians, through a technique borrowed from the biological sciences: We reenacted an ancient anatomical dissection of the abdominal wall, the peritoneal cavity, and its organs (as described by Galen during the 2nd century CE, in his major treatise Anatomical Proceedings). Our aim was to clarify incongruencies about the text itself-considering the errors generated during its 14-century-long hand-copied manuscript tradition-and infer answers to contextual questions, such as the aim of the author, his audience, and the setting where the dissections took place. This hands-on practical method provided extratextual evidence to ongoing scholarly debates, which until now were mainly approached through textual scrutiny.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLightweight transformers for clinical natural language processing.
Nat Lang Eng
September 2024
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Specialised pre-trained language models are becoming more frequent in Natural language Processing (NLP) since they can potentially outperform models trained on generic texts. BioBERT (Sanh et al., Distilbert, a distilled version of bert: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemotherapeutic Drug Delivery Nanoplatform Development: From Physicochemical to Preclinical Evaluation.
Int J Mol Sci
October 2024
Department of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Through this study, the synergistic behavior of small-molecular-weight, amphiphilic surfactant molecules and the triblock copolymer Pluronic 188 was extensively evaluated based on their ability to formulate nanocarriers with novel properties for the delivery of class II and IV (biopharmaceutical classification system) chemotherapeutic compounds. The combination of four different surfactants at multiple weight ratios and twelve initially formulated nanosystems resulted in four hybrid delivery platforms, which were further studied in terms of multiple physicochemical characteristics, as well as their stability in protein-rich media (fetal bovine serum/phosphate-buffer saline). Finally, we obtained a single final nanoformulation that exhibited a high loading capacity (%EE ≥ 75%) and a sustained drug release profile under physiological conditions (model drug methotrexate), without altering the original physicochemical characteristics of the carrier.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProceedings from an international consensus meeting on ablation in urogenital diseases.
Insights Imaging
November 2024
Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Percutaneous image-guided ablation techniques are a consolidated therapeutic alternative for patients with high preoperative surgical risk for the management of oncological diseases in multiple body districts. Each technique has both pros and cons according to the type of energy delivered, mechanism of action, and site of application. The present article reviews the most recent literature results on ablation techniques applied in the field of genitourinary diseases (kidney, adrenal glands, prostate, and uterus), describing the advantages of the use of each technique and their technical limitations and summarizing the major recommendations from an international consensus meeting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProspective single-arm multicenter interventional study of surgical resection for liver metastasis from gastric cancer; 3-year overall and recurrence-free survival.
Eur J Cancer
December 2024
Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
Objective: Potential benefit of surgical resection for liver metastasis from gastric cancer (LMGC) remains controversial because most previous studies were retrospective. We evaluated the outcomes of surgical resection following chemotherapy for LMGC in a prospective single-arm multicenter interventional study.
Methods: Patients with synchronous or metachronous LMGC received 2-4 cycles of standard chemotherapy and proceeded to surgical resection if restaging showed a non-progressive disease with a chance of R0 resection.
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