Stress distribution in the mini-screw and alveolar bone during orthodontic treatment: a finite element study analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the reason for high failure rates of mini-screws during orthodontic treatment. We hypothesized that decreasing the length of the mini-screw outside the bone relative to the length inside the bone (outside/inside length ratio) and equalising it to the tooth crown/root ratio would lead to increased stability of the mini-screw against lateral loading when assessed using finite element analysis.

Methods: We analysed stress distribution of mini-screws in the cortical and trabecular bone and von Mises stress levels when a 2-N force was applied to the head of four mini-screws of 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm in length. The direction of the force was perpendicular to the major axis of the screws.

Results: Stress levels of screws in cortical bone increased in proportion to the length of mini-screws outside the bone. The length of mini-screws inside the bone did not affect stress levels in the cortical bone.

Conclusions: The results of this finite element analysis indicate that to stabilize the mini-screw, controlling the screw length outside the bone is more important than controlling the outside/inside length ratio.