Hybrid simultaneous treatment of thrombosed prosthetic grafts for hemodialysis.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate our experience in the hybrid simultaneous treatment (open and endovascular) of acute thrombosis of prosthetic grafts for hemodialysis.

Methods: Between January 2011 and June 2013, 23 patients with acute thrombosis of a prosthetic graft for hemodialysis were urgently treated with a hybrid simultaneous treatment in order to obtain a prompt restoration of the flow. A new puncture of the graft was scheduled after 24 hours.

Results: Intraoperative technical success was 100% with a completion angiography showing the restored patency of the graft. As adjunctive procedures, in 6 patients (26.1%) locoregional thrombolysis was necessary and in all cases further endovascular manoeuvres (angioplasty/stenting) were immediately performed to solve a significant stenosis of the venous anastomosis/first tract of the vein. At 24 hours when the first puncture was done, three grafts were occluded resulting in a primary patency of 87%. During the follow-up (mean duration 5.6 months) four reocclusions occurred. In-stent restenosis occurred in all patients undergone stenting. At 1 year the rates of primary patency, primary assisted patency and secondary patency were 58.7%, 78.3% and 87%, respectively.

Conclusions: In our series the combined simultaneous hybrid approach in urgency maximizes the use of different available techniques, which appeared to improve overall success rate to save a thrombosed graft for hemodialysis. The great difference showed between primary and primary assisted patency demonstrates the necessity of a close follow-up.