As a continuation of our studies on the relationship between structure and sweet taste of isovanilline-type sweeteners, (3-hydroxy-4-methoxy)benzyl-benzoate (17) and -salicylate (17c), analogues of dihydrochalcone-type sweetener analogues of (+)-phyllodulcin [(+)-5] and CH-401 (14c) have been synthesized. Surprisingly, 17c has been found to be tastless, while 17e was slightly sweet. These observations could be explained by the current hypothesis on the receptor model for isovanilline-type sweet derivatives.
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Proper names-expressions such as "Barack Obama" or "New York"-play a crucial role in the philosophical debate on reference, that is, the relation that allows words to stand for entities of the world. In an elicited production test, Devitt and Porot prompt participants to use proper names to compare the Descriptivist Theory and the Causal-Historical Theory on proper names' reference. According to the Descriptivist Theory, names refer to the entity that fulfills the description that speakers associate with them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Immunopharmacol
January 2025
School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an exceedingly common and profoundly impactful malignancy of the digestive system, posing a grave threat to human health. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is an intracellular biological reaction that mobilizes the unfolded protein response (UPR) to tackling dysregulation in protein homeostasis. This process subtly modulates the cell to either restore normal cellular function or steer it towards apoptosis.
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December 2024
Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, NH#19 Delhi Mathura Highway, Chaumuhan, Mathura-(281406), UP, India.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, poses a significant global health challenge with complicated pathogenesis. Pathological characteristics of AD include increasing loss of cholinergic neurons, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and amyloid beta accumulation. Due to the limited availability of effective therapeutic options with only symptomatic relief and their severe adverse effects, there is a significant need to search and explore new agents for the management of AD.
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December 2024
School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
The unknown boundary issue, between superior computational capability of deep neural networks (DNNs) and human cognitive ability, has becoming crucial and foundational theoretical problem in AI evolution. Undoubtedly, DNN-empowered AI capability is increasingly surpassing human intelligence in handling general intelligent tasks. However, the absence of DNN's interpretability and recurrent erratic behavior remain incontrovertible facts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Legal Med
December 2024
Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, 65 Kavanagh Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3006, Australia.
Jurors rely on evidence presented in court to find the facts of a case. Consequently, the manner in which evidence is delivered may significantly impact the extent to which jurors comprehend and interpret the evidence. Building on a pilot study, the aim of this research was to further investigate which format for presenting forensic medical evidence in court was best for laypersons (i.
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