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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: require_once
Introduction: The role of substrates in the maintenance of persistent atrial fibrillation (persAF) remains poorly understood. The use of dominant frequency (DF) mapping to guide catheter ablation has been proposed as a potential strategy, but the characteristics of high DF sites have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to assess the DF spatiotemporal stability using high density noncontact mapping (NCM) in persAF.
Methods And Results: Eight persAF patients were studied using NCM during AF. Ventricular far-field cancellation was performed followed by the calculation of DF using Fast Fourier Transform. Analysis of DF stability and spatiotemporal behavior were investigated including characteristics of the highest DF areas (HDFAs). A total of 16,384 virtual electrograms (VEGMs) and 232 sequential high density 3-dimensional DF maps were analyzed. The percentage of DF stable points decreased rapidly over time. Repetition or reappearance of DF values were noted in some instances, occurring within 10 seconds in most cases. Tracking the HDFAs' center of gravity revealed 3 types of propagation behavior, namely (i) local, (ii) cyclical, and (iii) chaotic activity, with the former 2 patterns accounting for most of the observed events.
Conclusions: DF of individual VEGMs was temporally unstable, although reappearance of DF values occurred at times. Hence, targeting sites of 'peak DF' from a single time frame is unlikely to be a reliable ablation strategy. There appears to be a predominance of local and cyclical activity of HDFAs hinting a potentially nonrandom temporally periodic behavior that provides further mechanistic insights into the maintenance of persAF.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.12331 | DOI Listing |
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